Chapter 8: Risk Reduction Flashcards
Type of prevention that focuses on early detection of disease or health problems and intensive treatment while the outcome can be favorably altered.
Secondary prevention
Ex: screenings, detecting and treating risk factors
Type of prevention that treats the disease or health problem to avoid negative outcomes and return the patient to the highest functional level.
Tertiary prevention
Ex: Cardiac rehab, post stroke rehab
What are 2 cardiovascular effects from nicotine?
- Increased heart rate
2. Increased blood pressure
What is the goal for LDL?
Below 100
What is the goal for HDL?
Men - above 40
Women - above 50
What is the goal for triglycerides?
Below 200
What does it mean if someone’s BMI is 18.5 to 24.9?
Healthy range
What 2 things are recommended if someone’s BMI is 25 to 30?
Diet and exercise management
A clustering of several metabolic risk actors in one patient which predisposes the person to premature heart disease. Must have three or more of the following factors present: abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL, HTN, and fasting glucoses above 110.
Metabolic syndrome
Low ______ consumption is associated with hypertension.
Calcium
High _______ consumption is associated with lower blood pressure in people with hypertension.
Potassium
Type of exercise that is the movement of large muscles in the rhythmic fashion, using predominantly aerobic metabolism. It is more affect than anaerobic but requires more oxygen and blood flow.
Isotonic exercise
Ex: walking, running, swimming
Type of exercise that involves muscle contraction and is associated with anaerobic metabolism.
Isometric exercise
Ex: weight lifting and resistance training
With exercise and training of the heart, the stroke volume ________. That means with training one can do more work with a lower heart rate and systolic blood pressure.
Increases
What are the 4 benefits of exercise and activity in regards to reducing cardiovascular disease risk?
- Lowers BP
- Reduces platelet aggregation
- Raises HDL
- Improves glucose metabolism
___________ prevention is physical activity after a heart attack or stroke has occurred or for those who have already developed or are at very high risk for cardiovascular disease. The goal is to prevent further cardiac and vascular events or disability from the disease.
Secondary
________ prevention minimizes disability, improves function, and improves quality of life after cardiovascular events or development of cardiovascular disease.
Tertiary
Ex: cardiac rehab
In the early recovery period following a cardiac event (the second week), the goal is to walk ____ to ____ minutes and perform nonresistive range of motion.
5 to 10
During early recovery from an acute event and in the initial stages of an exercise program, an increase of ____ beats per minute above resting heart rate may be used as a guideline for the progression of activity.
20
What are the 3 phases of cardiac rehab?
- Inpatient - to prevent or reduce deconditioning effects; provide education and discharge
- Outpatient - exercise prescription with medical supervision and EKG; continue education
- Maintenance program - exercise is continued in a supervised but unmonitored setting
A drop in systolic blood pressure or heart rate with increasing exercise effort may signal ______ or ______.
Ischemia or failure
Type of prevention that promotes health and delays or prevents disease in the general population. Occurs before clinical indications of disease develop.
Primary prevention
Ex: education, public law, and policy
