Chapter 5: Research

Question 1

A concise statement, worded in the present tense, that includes one or more variables (concepts).

Answer 1

Research question

Question 2

Type of research method used when the question is broad and little is known about the subject. It is used to generate hypotheses about relationships and for instrument development.

Answer 2

Qualitative method

Question 3

Type of research method used to explain and predict phenomena, generate evidence of relationship, cause and effect, test theory or instruments, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

Answer 3

Quantitative method

Question 4

Type of research method that allows the researcher to gain insight through discovering meaning and are a way to explore the richness and complexity of a phenomena. Data is expressed in words rather than numbers.

Answer 4

Qualitative

Question 5

Deals with the question of how the research findings match reality

Answer 5

Credibility

Question 6

Refers to the extent to which strategies such as interviews or forums were conducted in a similar manner.

Answer 6

Consistency

Question 7

The stimulus or activity that is manipulated by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable

Answer 7

Independent variable

Question 8

The response, behavior, or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain

Answer 8

Dependent variable

Question 9

A measure of the truth or accuracy of the study

Answer 9

Validity

Question 10

Type of error that occurs when the researcher concludes that there is a difference between two groups when in reality there is no difference.

Answer 10

Type 1 Error

Question 11

Type of error that occurs when the researcher concludes that there is no difference between two samples when there is a true difference.

Answer 11

Type II Errors

Question 12

A study of a population by systematically examining a representative sample. Findings may be generalized to the population represented by the sample.

Answer 12

Correlational designs study

Question 13

The study of events occurring in large samples or the population

Answer 13

Epidemiology

Question 14

The process of assigning numbers to objects, events, or situations according to a rule.

Answer 14

Measurement

Question 15

Levels of measurement:
Numbers function as labels or categories and cannot be used for calculation. Ex: the numbers on a sports jersey are labels only

Answer 15

Nominal scale

Question 16

Levels of measurement:
Represents sequence or orders; members of a set are ordered from most to least with respect to some characteristic. Ex: a graduating student may be first or tenth

Answer 16

Ordinal scale

Question 17

Levels of measurement:
Has order and equal numerical distance between intervals. Ex: the difference between 70º and 80º is the same as the difference between 50º and 60º is the same

Answer 17

Interval

Question 18

Levels of measurement:

The highest form of measurement and exists on a continuum. Scale contains absolute zero. Ex: measuring weight on a scale

Answer 18

Ratio scale

Question 19

Provides an indication of the amount of random error inherent in the measurement o the concept within the sample

Answer 19

Reliability

Question 20

Reflects the extent to which an instrument represents the concept being measured within the specific situation. Determines the appropriateness, meaningfulness, and usefulness.

Answer 20

Validity

Question 21

Provides the scientific basis for practice and begins by asking pertinent questions about the best way to provide care.

Answer 21

Nursing research