Chapter 3: Theory Flashcards
A word or phrase that describes an abstract idea or mental image of a phenomenon; the building blocks of theory.
Concept
A statement about a concept or the relationship between two or more concepts.
Proposition
The purpose of ______ is to describe, explain, or predict phenomena.
Theory
This serves the discipline of nursing in several ways:
> As an organized source for knowledge and research findings
> To explain observations and predict outcomes
> To stimulate new directions in practice and research
> To develop research questions for testing
> Increases understanding and improves nursing practice
Theory
Who is often cited as the first nursing theorist?
Florence Nightingale
What are two key concepts in nursing theory, research, and practice?
Health and illness
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
Health
_______ theorists define health as a state or process in which the person experiences a sense of well-being and the integration of body, mind, and spirit interacting harmoniously with the environment.
Holistic
The subjective experience of the symptoms and suffering to which the person assigns meaning.
Illness
A discrete entity causing specific symptoms
Disease
What are the 4 layers of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
- Physiological survival needs (food, air, sleep, shelter)
- Safety needs (freedom from fear of threat to survival)
- Belonging needs (love and affiliation)
- Self-actualization needs (maximizing one’s potential and achieving personal fulfillment)
Who described the challenges for each stage across the life span?
Erik Erikson
Explains why healthy people use health protecting and disease preventing services. It has been refined and extended to explain individual responses to preventive services and illness treatment.
Health Belief Model
Describes a six stage process of behavior change that has derived from a review of theories and research related to behavioral change conducted.
Transtheoretical Model
Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client has no intention of changing.
Precontemplation stage
Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client acknowledges the need to change but is ambivalent and anxious about the change.
Contemplation stage
Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client begins to explore the different options or ways to change the behavior. They are actively planning to change within the next month.
Preparation stage
Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client changes the behavior.
Action stage
Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client continues the change. If a lapse occurs it may result in fear and decreased self-efficacy.
Maintenance stage
Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client revises their self image and the former behavior is no longer a threat.
Termination stage
What are the 3 developmental tasks with potential for crisis that occur in adulthood that Erikson identified?
- Intimacy versus isolation for young adults
- Generativity versus self-absorption in middle aged adults
- Integrity versus despair in older adults
A set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that projects a systematic view of phenomena by defining specific interrelationships among the concepts for purposes of describing, explaining, and predicting phenomena.
Theory
