Chapter 3: Theory

Question 1

A word or phrase that describes an abstract idea or mental image of a phenomenon; the building blocks of theory.

Answer 1

Concept

Question 2

A statement about a concept or the relationship between two or more concepts.

Answer 2

Proposition

Question 3

The purpose of ______ is to describe, explain, or predict phenomena.

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

This serves the discipline of nursing in several ways:
> As an organized source for knowledge and research findings
> To explain observations and predict outcomes
> To stimulate new directions in practice and research
> To develop research questions for testing
> Increases understanding and improves nursing practice

Answer 4

Theory

Question 5

Who is often cited as the first nursing theorist?

Answer 5

Florence Nightingale

Question 6

What are two key concepts in nursing theory, research, and practice?

Answer 6

Health and illness

Question 7

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Answer 7

Health

Question 8

_______ theorists define health as a state or process in which the person experiences a sense of well-being and the integration of body, mind, and spirit interacting harmoniously with the environment.

Answer 8

Holistic

Question 9

The subjective experience of the symptoms and suffering to which the person assigns meaning.

Answer 9

Illness

Question 10

A discrete entity causing specific symptoms

Answer 10

Disease

Question 11

What are the 4 layers of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 11

1. Physiological survival needs (food, air, sleep, shelter)
2. Safety needs (freedom from fear of threat to survival)
3. Belonging needs (love and affiliation)
4. Self-actualization needs (maximizing one’s potential and achieving personal fulfillment)

Question 12

Who described the challenges for each stage across the life span?

Answer 12

Erik Erikson

Question 13

Explains why healthy people use health protecting and disease preventing services. It has been refined and extended to explain individual responses to preventive services and illness treatment.

Answer 13

Health Belief Model

Question 14

Describes a six stage process of behavior change that has derived from a review of theories and research related to behavioral change conducted.

Answer 14

Transtheoretical Model

Question 15

Transtheoretical Model:

In the _________ stage, the client has no intention of changing.

Answer 15

Precontemplation stage

Question 16

Transtheoretical Model:

In the _________ stage, the client acknowledges the need to change but is ambivalent and anxious about the change.

Answer 16

Contemplation stage

Question 17

Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client begins to explore the different options or ways to change the behavior. They are actively planning to change within the next month.

Answer 17

Preparation stage

Question 18

Transtheoretical Model:

In the _________ stage, the client changes the behavior.

Answer 18

Action stage

Question 19

Transtheoretical Model:
In the _________ stage, the client continues the change. If a lapse occurs it may result in fear and decreased self-efficacy.

Answer 19

Maintenance stage

Question 20

Transtheoretical Model:

In the _________ stage, the client revises their self image and the former behavior is no longer a threat.

Answer 20

Termination stage

Question 21

What are the 3 developmental tasks with potential for crisis that occur in adulthood that Erikson identified?

Answer 21

1. Intimacy versus isolation for young adults
2. Generativity versus self-absorption in middle aged adults
3. Integrity versus despair in older adults

Question 22

A set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that projects a systematic view of phenomena by defining specific interrelationships among the concepts for purposes of describing, explaining, and predicting phenomena.

Answer 22

Theory