Chapter 8 Review Flashcards
Because he mistakenly believes that older workers are less motivated than younger workers to work long hours, Mark, a plant manager, is especially vigilant for any signs that his senior workers are leaving early. His supervision strategy best illustrates
a. the availability heuristic.
b. an algorithm.
c. confirmation bias.
d. framing.
c. confirmation bias.
Vivid memories of highly improbable dangers can lead us to overestimate their likelihood and thus fear the wrong things. This best illustrates the impact of
a. functional fixedness.
b. confirmation bias.
c. belief perseverance.
d. the availability heuristic.
d. the availability heuristic.
Imagining many different and unusual ways to decorate your new home on a limited budget best illustrates
a. functional fixedness.
b. the availability heuristic
c. belief perseverance.
d. divergent thinking.
d. divergent thinking.
Based on what you know about critical periods and language development, when would be the ideal time to introduce a second language?
a. before 7 years of age
b. during middle school
c. during college
d. between 13 and 18 years of age
a. before 7 years of age
Spearman’s g factor refers to
a. the genetic contribution to intelligence.
b. a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
c. a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability.
d. the ability to understand and regulate emotions.
b. a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
According to Robert Sternberg’s ________ theory, there are ________ intelligences.
a. six-factor; six
b. five-intelligences; five
c. quadratic; four
d. triarchic: three
d. triarchic: three
A test designed to assess whether newly graduated law school students should be granted the legal right to practice law would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.
a. WAIS
b. aptitude
c. IQ
d. achievement
d. achievement
When retested on the WAIS, people’s second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of
a. reliability.
b. stability.
c. standardization.
d. predictive validity.
a. reliability.
Because of his accumulated years of knowledge about sociology, Dr. Applegate has decided that his forty-fifth birthday would be the perfect time to begin writing an introductory sociology textbook. It would demonstrate his
a. factor analysis.
b. fluid intelligence.
c. predictive validity.
d. crystallized intelligence.
d. crystallized intelligence.
A person’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly (for example, in solving novel logic problems) decreases slowly up to about age 75, then more rapidly, especially after age 85. This type of ability is also known as
a. factor analysis.
b. emotional intelligence.
c. crystallized intelligence.
d. fluid intelligence.
d. fluid intelligence.
When her instructor failed to recognize that Janice had raised her hand so she could ask a question, Janice began to think her professor was hostile. Although she subsequently learned that the professor’s limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was hostile. Janice’s reaction best illustrates
a. the framing effect.
b. belief perseverance.
c. divergent thinking.
d. the availability heuristic.
b. belief perseverance.
You have decided that you want to enhance your own creativity. Which of the following is NOT something you should consider?
a. You should develop your own expertise.
b. You should experience diversity.
c. You should unplug.
d. You should develop a means of extrinsic motivation.
d. You should develop a means of extrinsic motivation.
________ is an early speech stage in which a child uses mostly nouns and verbs.
a. Telegraphic speech
b. Receptive language
c. The one-word stage
d. Babbling
a. Telegraphic speech
. Howard Gardner proposes that humans have multiple intelligences that are relatively independent of one another. Which of the following is one of the intelligences?
a. g factor
b. common sense intelligence
c. intrapersonal intelligence
d. fluid intelligence
c. intrapersonal intelligence
Before publishing her test of math aptitude, Professor Lane first administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for purposes of
a. standardization.
b. reliability.
c. predictive validity.
d. stability.
a. standardization.
