Chapter 6 Review Flashcards
The first time that Marla heard the blare of her father’s trumpet, she responded with fear. Her fear response is most clearly an example of
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. operant behavior.
c. associative learning.
d. respondent behavior.
d. Respondent Behavior
When Jake is with his girlfriend, he feels so in love, happy, and content. Because he and his girlfriend text and talk on the phone frequently throughout the day, Jake has set up a special ring tone for his girlfriend. Now, when he hears the ring tone, be feels happy and content. Which of the following is the conditioned stimulus in this example?
a. Jake
’
s girlfriend
b. feeling in love, happy, and content
c. Jake
’
s phone
d. the ring tone
d. the ring tone
A year after surviving a shooting at her local grocery story, LeNan still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates
a. an unconditioned response.
b. operant conditioning.
c. discrimination.
d. generalization.
d. generalization
In teaching her son to play baseball, Mrs. Thomas initially reinforces him with praise for simply swinging the bat correctly, then only for hitting the ball, and finally only for hitting the ball a good distance. She is using a procedure known as
a. generalization.
b. partial reinforcement.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. shaping.
d. shaping
Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 75,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
a. fixed-interval
b. variable-interval
c. fixed-ratio
d. variable-ratio
c. fixed-ratio
Punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement ________ the rate of operant responding.
a. increases; decreases
b. decreases; increases
c. decreases; decreases
d. has no effect on; has no effect on
b. decreases; increases
Paul can’t go to his baseball practice this week because he lied to his parents about something that he did with his friends. Removing baseball practice is an example of
a. a negative reinforcer.
b. a positive reinforcer.
c. negative punishment.
d. positive punishment.
c. negative punishment
When police officers give traffic citations for speeding, they are implementing a
a. positive punisher.
b. negative punisher.
c. positive reinforcer.
d. negative reinforcer.
a. positive punisher
If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates
a. operant conditioning.
b. observational learning.
c. classical conditioning.
d. secondary reinforcement.
b. observational learning
An empathic wife who sees her husband in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity he is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the functioning of
a. cognitive maps.
b. latent learning.
c. mirror neurons.
d. cognitive learning.
c. mirror neurons
. By watching her older brother, Shelley has learned that it is probably not a good idea to “talk back” to her mother. She has learned this lesson through
a. observational learning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. classical conditioning.
d. associative conditioning.
a. observational learning
. Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. unconditioned stimulus.
c. operant stimulus.
d. conditioned stimulus.
d. conditioned stimulus
Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Nancy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first introduced to her cousin’s new dog, a Schnauzer. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates
a. discrimination.
b. spontaneous recovery.
c. observational learning.
d. an unconditioned response.
b. spontaneous recovery
Which of the following does NOT provide an example of how Pavlov’s principles can influence human health and well-being?
a. Former drug users often feel a craving when they are again in the drug-using context.
b. Children can learn health-related behaviors by observing their parents.
c. The association between consuming sugary substances and an enjoyable sensation makes dieting difficult.
d. When a taste accompanies a drug that influences immune responses, the taste by itself can come to also influence immune responses.
b. Children can learn health-related behaviors by observing their parents.
Studying hard every day of the semester for the gratification of a high grade at the end of the term best illustrates the impact of ________ on behavior.
a. shaping
b. primary reinforcers
c. variable-interval schedules
d. delayed reinforcers
d. delayed reinforcers
