Chapter 3 Review Flashcards
In emphasizing that heredity’s effects on behavior depend on a person’s home environment, psychologists are most clearly highlighting the importance of
a. temperament.
b. maturation.
c. dizygotic development.
d. nature–nurture interactions.
d. Nature-Nurture Interactions.
The study of molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block gene expression is called
a. social psychology.
b. evolutionary psychology.
c. epigenetics.
d. genomics.
c. Epigenetics
If research suggested that a pregnant mother’s use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a
a. genome.
b. stress hormone.
c. digestive enzyme.
d. teratogen.
d. teratogen
One’s biologically rooted temperament helps form one’s enduring
a. genome.
b. personality.
c. chromosomes.
d. epigenetic marks.
b. personality
The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by
a. Erikson
’
s psychosocial development theory.
b. Piaget
’
s cognitive development theory.
c. Harlow
’
s attachment theory.
d. Vygotsky
’
s social cognitive theory.
b. Piaget’s cognitive development theory
Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by 5-year-old Jeremiah to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is held upside down. Jeremiah apparently lacks a
a. sense of object permanence.
b. concept of conservation.
c. capacity for habituation.
d. secure attachment.
b. concept of conservation
A child’s realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of
a. object permanence.
b. egocentrism.
c. a theory of mind.
d. stranger anxiety.
c. A theory of mind
Although 3-year-old Eric happily explores the attractive toys located in the doctor’s waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother’s side for brief moments. Eric most clearly displays signs of
a. secure attachment.
b. object permanence.
c. egocentrism.
d. conservation.
a. secure attachment.
“I don’t care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!” This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.
a. preconventional
b. authoritative
c. formal operational
d. authoritarian
d. authoritarian
During adolescence, maturation of the ________ lags behind maturation of the ________.
a. brainstem; pituitary
b. pituitary; brainstem
c. limbic system; frontal lobes
d. frontal lobes; limbic system
d. Frontal Lobes; Limbic System
Oliver believes that it is our moral obligation to help those less fortunate than ourselves. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.
a. conventional
b. unconventional
c. preconventional
d. postconventional
d. Postconventional
The gap between adolescence and independence is referred to as
a. young adulthood.
b. emerging adulthood.
c. late adolescence.
d. extended adolescence.
b. Emerging Adulthood.
The genome is the complete
a. collection of sexual characteristics regulated by sex hormones.
b. range of traits that makes up our temperament.
c. set of genetic materials in an organism
’
s chromosomes.
d. set of interactions between genes and environments.
c. Set of genetic materials in an organism’s chromosomes.
The sequence in which babies master the skills of rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking is the same around the world. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in motor development.
a. temperament
b. maturation
c. imprinting
d. object permanence
b. Maturation
Lev Vygotsky emphasized that giving children ________ provides them with a tool for advancing to higher levels of thinking.
a. new words
b. time-out periods
c. a secure attachment
d. a sense of object permanence
a. New Words
The Harlows’ infant monkeys developed ________ their artificial cloth mothers.
a. a fear of
b. an attachment to
c. aggressive responses to
d. a sense of indifference to
b. an attachment to
Jan acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jan is experiencing
a. delay of gratification.
b. stagnation.
c. role confusion.
d. generativity.
c. Role Confusion
Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.
a. personality traits
b. religious beliefs
c. political attitudes
d. moral values
a. Personality Traits
Physical exercise in late adulthood has been found to
a. enhance muscle strength.
b. help prevent heart disease.
c. stimulate brain cell development.
d. do all of these things.
d. Do all of these things.
There is very little relationship between the age of an adult and his or her
a. risk of life-threatening ailments such as cancer.
b. ability to recall meaningless information.
c. level of life satisfaction.
d. risk of accidental physical injury.
c. Level of life satisfaction.
