CHAPTER 8 (psychosocial development in early childhood) Flashcards
Sense of self; descriptivę and evaluative mental picture of one’s abilities and traits.
self-concept
Cluster of characteristics used to describe oneself.
self-definition
In neo-Piagetian terminology, the first stage in development of self-definition, in which children describe themselves in terms of individual, unconnected characteristics and in all-or-nothing terms.
single representations
The self one actually is.
real self
The self one would like to be.
ideal self
In neo-Piagetian terminology, second stage in development of self-definition, in which a child makes logical connections between aspects of the self but still sees these characteristics in all-or-nothing terms.
representational mappings
The judgment a person makes about his or her self-worth.
self-esteem
Erikson’s third stage in psychosocial development, in which children balance the urge to pursue goals with reservations about doing so.
initiative versus guilt
Awareness, developed in early childhood, that one is male or female.
gender identity
Behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that a culture considers appropriate for each sex, differ for males and females.
gender roles
Socialization process whereby children, at an early age, learn appropriate gender roles.
gender-typing
Preconceived generalizations about male or female role behavior.
gender stereotypes
Darwin’s theory that gender roles developed in response to men’s and women’s differing reproductive needs.
theory of sexual selection
In Freudian theory, the process by which a young child adopts characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors of the parent of the same sex.
identification
Awareness that one will always be male or female: also called sex-category constancy.
gender constancy
