Chapter 8: Problems of Altruism

Question 1

_________: paying cost to give a benefit to another

Answer 1

altruism

Question 2

_________: favouritism directed towards kin

Answer 2

nepotism

Question 3

_________: sum of an individuals own reproductive success plus his or her effects on the reproductive success of kin weighted by the coefficient of relatedness

Answer 3

inclusive fitness

Question 4

Hamiltons formula

Answer 4

C < rB
- C cost
- r coefficient of relatedness
- B benefit

Question 5

______ left more to spouses; ______ left more to offspring

Answer 5

men; women

Question 6

_______: first-born son inherits everything

Answer 6

primogeniture

Question 7

Has the highest level of certainty, and the highest level of investment

Answer 7

MoMo

Question 8

Has intermediate level of certainity, unknown investment

Answer 8

MoFa, FaMo

Question 9

Has the least amount of certainty, and the lowest investment

Answer 9

FaFa

Question 10

What are the costs of family

Answer 10

Reproduction is delayed or suppressed; concentrated competition for resources

Question 11

Explain ecological constraints for families

Answer 11

scarcity of reproductive facancies (food, territories)

Question 12

Explain the family benefits model

Answer 12

Includes protection, maturity, inheriting resources, and inclusive fitness benefits

Question 13

Explain the conflict between siblings

Answer 13

compete for parental resources

Question 14

Explain the conflict between parents and offspring

Answer 14

disagree on the optimal distribution of resources

Question 15

Explain the conflict between parents

Answer 15

disagree over resource allocation

Question 16

__________: menopause evolved to cease reproduction and invest in chidlren and grandchildren

Answer 16

grandmother hypothesis

Question 17

__________: proposes women stop reproducing and invest in grandchildren due to shorter male lifespan and potential for men to leave for younger partners

Answer 17

absent father hypothesis

Question 18

__________: aunts invest more than uncles due do differences in resource allocation

Answer 18

sex effect

Question 19

__________: lower paternity certainty through male line leads to lower investment by paternal relatives

Answer 19

laterality effect