Chapter 3 - Part 2

Question 1

_______ are adaptive universal motivational systems that respond to social stimuli

Answer 1

emotions

Question 2

_________ determines content

Answer 2

culture

Question 3

__________ - is non-specific increase in physiological activity and has a negative subject experience; is an adaptive response to stress

Answer 3

anxiety

Question 4

when the stimulus is present and the person’s response is present, it is called a

Answer 4

hit

Question 5

when the stimulus is present and the person’s response is absent, it is called a

Answer 5

miss

Question 6

when the stimulus is absent and the person’s response is present, it is called a

Answer 6

false alarm

Question 7

when the stimulus is absent and the person’s response is absent, it is called a

Answer 7

correct rejection

Question 8

___________: principle that states low threshold for fear response due to assymmetry of costs associated with perceptual errors (false negatives > false positives)

Answer 8

smoke-detector principle

Question 9

Women experience more intense anxiety because of the unique fear of

Answer 9

rape

Question 10

fear ______ stimuli are attened to more quickly than fear _______ stimuli

Answer 10

negative; neutral

Question 11

In the Marathons, Mogg, & Bradley study, _____ faces were more easily identified when appearing second compared to positive or neutral faces

Answer 11

angry

Question 12

________ - hypothesis thta states disgust is a motivational system designed to expel disease conduits from mouth or stomach

Answer 12

Disease-Avoidance Hypothesis

Question 13

Three things disgust sensitivity predicts

Answer 13

1. increases following contamination
2. predicts likelihood of future infection
3. predicts sexual behaviour in women

Question 14

three factors of disgust

Answer 14

pathogen; moral; and sexual

Question 15

_______ more sensistive to disgust than ______; small effect for pathogen and moral; large effect for sexual

Answer 15

women; men

Question 16

________ : responses to others who need help: sympathy & compassion motivate prosocial behaviour

Answer 16

harm-related emotions

Question 17

______ : responses that signal approval of other’s behaviour - graditude, respect, awe

Answer 17

other-praising emotions

Question 18

________ : responses to our own violations of social norms or moral codes - guilt, shame, embarrassment motivate us to make amends; observers had a more positive opinion of a confederate who expressed embarrasment after knocking something over

Answer 18

self-critical emotions

Question 19

__________ : responses to other people’s violations of moral codes

Answer 19

other condemning emotions

Question 20

__________ - simultaneous deterioration of all biological systems due to old age

Answer 20

senescence

Question 21

_______ suicide mostly affects women, _____ suicide mostly affects men

Answer 21

para; actual

Question 22

Suicidal ideation is ______ correlated with being a burden & ______ correlated with reproduction

Answer 22

positively, negatively

Question 23

____________ - theory that states “take bigger risks when goals are unlikely to be achieved through low-risk means”

Answer 23

risk sensitivity theory

Question 24

Idea that responses to disease are sometimes confused with disease; explusion, fever, iron-depletion is the body removing the disease; treating/blocking a defense can be deterimental

Answer 24

Darwinian Medicine

Question 25

Theory that suggests humans have specialized adaptations for navigating vertical spaces; descending from heights is more hazardous and results in more frequent falls than ascending

Answer 25

evolved navigation theory

Question 26

idea that people perceive vertical distances as greater when viewing from the top then the bottom

Answer 26

descent illusion

Question 27

theory that purposes when errors under uncertaintiy have assymetrical costs, adatpive biases develop to favour less costly errors

Answer 27

error management theory