Chapter 8- Plants Sections 1-3 Flashcards
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water.
Chlorophyll
A green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Chloroplasts
An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food.
Vacuole
A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.
Cuticle
The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants.
Vascular tissue
The internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structures that carry water, food, and minerals.
Non vascular plant
A low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue for transporting materials.
Rhizoid
A thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant.
Vascular plants
A plant that has true vascular tissue for transporting materials.
Phloem
The vascular tissue through which food move down some plants.
Xylem
The vascular tissue through which water and minerals move up some plants.
Frond
The leaf of a fern plant.
Pollen
Tiny structure (male gametophyte) produced by seed plants that contain the cell that later becomes a sperm cell.
Seed
The plant structure that contains a young plant and a food supply inside a protective covering.
Gymnosperm
When a plant produces seeds through cones
Angiosperm
When a plant (usually flowers) produces seeds in fruit
Cotyledon
A leaf produced by an embryo of a seed plant; sometimes stores food.
Monocot
An angiosperm that has only one seed leaf.
Dicot
An angiosperm that has two seed leaves.
Root cap
A structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury as the root grows through soil.
Cambium
A layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells.
Stoma
Small opening on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide can move (plural: stomata).
Transpiration
The process by which water is lost through a plant’s leaves.
Embryo
The young organism that develops from a zygote.
Germination
The sprouting of the embryo out of a seed; occurs when the embryo resumes its growth following dormancy.
Flower
The reproductive structure of an angiosperm.
Pollination
The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants.
Sepal
A leaflike structure that encloses and protects the bud of a flower.
Petal
A colorful, leaflike structure of some flowers.
Stamen
The male reproductive part of a flower.
Pistil
The female reproductive part of a flower.
Ovary
A flower structure that encloses and protects seeds as they develop.
