Chapter 7

Question 0

Host

Answer 0

An organism that a parasite lives with, in, or on, and which provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for the parasite to live.

Question 1

Virus

Answer 1

A tiny, nonliving particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell.

Question 2

Parasite

Answer 2

An organism that benefits by living with, on, or in a host in a parasitism interaction.

Question 3

Vaccine

Answer 3

A substance used in a vaccination that consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the body to produce chemicals that destroy the pathogens.

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes.

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes).

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins.

Question 7

Flagellum

Answer 7

A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move.

Question 8

Cellular respiration

Answer 8

The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells, releasing energy.

Question 9

Binary fission

Answer 9

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides, forming two identical cells.

Question 10

Conjugation

Answer 10

A form of sexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism.

Question 11

Endospore

Answer 11

A structure produced by prokaryotes, such as bacteria, in unfavorable conditions; a thick wall encloses the DNA and some of the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Pasteurization

Answer 12

A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food.

Question 13

Decomposer

Answer 13

An organism that gets energy by breaking down biotic wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water.

Question 14

Protists

Answer 14

A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.

Question 15

Protozoan

Answer 15

A unicellular, animal-like protist.

Question 16

Pseudopods

Answer 16

A “false foot” or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoans.

Question 17

Contractile vacuole

Answer 17

The cell structure that collects extra water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell.

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Tiny, hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner.

Question 19

Algae

Answer 19

Plantlike protists.

Question 20

Pigment

Answer 20

1. A colored chemical compound that absorbs light. 2. A colored substance used to color other materials.

Question 21

Spore

Answer 21

In bacteria, protists, and fungi, a thick-walled, tiny cell capable of surviving unfavorable conditions and then growing into a new organism.

Question 22

Fungi

Answer 22

A eukaryotic organism that has cell walls, uses spores to reproduce, and is a heterotroph that feeds by absorbing its food.

Question 23

Hyphae

Answer 23

The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi.

Question 24

Budding

Answer 24

A form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows out of the body of a parent.

Question 25

Fruiting body

Answer 25

The reproductive structure of a fungus that contains many hyphae and produces spores.

Question 26

Lichen

Answer 26

The combination of a fungus and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a relationship that benefits both organisms.