Chapter 2- Introduction to Cells

Question 0

Define microscope.

Answer 0

an instrument that makes small objects look larger

Question 1

Define cell.

Answer 1

form the parts of an organism and carry out all of its functions

Question 2

Define cell theory.

Answer 2

a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

Question 3

Define organelles.

Answer 3

tiny structures in cells that each have a specific function

Question 4

Define cell wall.

Answer 4

a rigid layer that surround the cells of plants and some other organisms

Question 5

Define cell membrane.

Answer 5

controls which substances pass in and out of a cell

Question 6

Define nucleus.

Answer 6

acts as cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities

Question 7

Define organelles.

Answer 7

tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions in a cell

Question 8

Define ribosomes.

Answer 8

small, grain-shaped organelles that produce proteins

Question 9

Define cytoplasm.

Answer 9

fills the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Question 10

Define mitochondria.

Answer 10

convert energy stored in food to energy the cell can use to live and function

Question 11

Define endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 11

ER, an organelle which a network of membranes that produce many substances

Question 12

Define Golgi apparatus.

Answer 12

receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell or to the outside of the cell

Question 13

Define vacuole.

Answer 13

stores water, food, and other materials needed by the cell

Question 14

Define chloroplast.

Answer 14

captures energy from sunlight and changes it to a form of energy cells can use in making cells

Question 15

Define lysosomes.

Answer 15

saclike organelles which contains substances that break down large food particles into smaller ones

Question 16

Define multicellular.

Answer 16

made of many cells

Question 17

Define unicellular.

Answer 17

single-celled

Question 18

Define tissue.

Answer 18

a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 19

Define organ.

Answer 19

made of different kinds of tissues that function together

Question 20

Define organ system.

Answer 20

a group of organs that work together to perform a major function

Question 21

Define elements.

Answer 21

any substance that cannot be broken down

Question 22

Define compounds.

Answer 22

form when 2 or more elements combine chemically

Question 23

Define carboyhdrates.

Answer 23

energy-rich organic compounds made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 24

Define lipids.

Answer 24

compounds made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and some oxygen

Question 25

Define proteins.

Answer 25

large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Question 26

Define enzymes.

Answer 26

speed up chemical reactions in living things

Question 27

Define nucleic acids.

Answer 27

very long organic molecules

Question 28

Define DNA.

Answer 28

the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

Question 29

Define double helix.

Answer 29

the shape of a DNA molecule