Chapter 10- Animal Life Processes

Question 0

Cartilage

Answer 0

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Question 1

Molting

Answer 1

The process of shedding an outgrown exoskeleton.

Question 2

Joint

Answer 2

A place in the body where two bones come together.

Question 3

Muscle

Answer 3

A tissue that contracts or relaxes to create movement.

Question 4

Nervous system

Answer 4

organ system that receives information from the environment and coordinates a response.

Question 5

Stimulus

Answer 5

Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way.

Question 6

Response

Answer 6

An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.

Question 7

Neuron

Answer 7

A cell that carries information through the nervous system.

Question 8

Impulse

Answer 8

An electrical message that carries information in the nervous system.

Question 9

Sensory neurons

Answer 9

A neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse.

Question 10

Interneuron

Answer 10

neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

Question 11

Motor neuron

Answer 11

neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the muscle or gland to react.

Question 12

Brain

Answer 12

organized grouping of neurons in the head of an animal with bilateral symmetry.

Question 13

Water vascular system

Answer 13

system of fluid-filled tubes in an echinoderm’s body.

Question 14

Swim bladder

Answer 14

internal gas-filled organ that helps a bony fish stabilize its body at different water depths.

Question 15

Carnivore

Answer 15

consumer that obtains energy by eating only animals.

Question 16

Herbivore

Answer 16

consumer that obtains energy by eating only plants.

Question 17

Omnivores

Answer 17

consumer that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals.

Question 18

Filter feeder

Answer 18

animal that strains its food from water.

Question 19

Digestion

Answer 19

process that breaks down complex molecules of food into smaller nutrient molecules.

Question 20

Digestive system

Answer 20

organ system that has specialized structures for obtaining and digesting food.

Question 21

Cellular respiration

Answer 21

process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells, releasing energy.

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 23

Respiratory system

Answer 23

organ system that enables organisms to exchange gases with their surroundings.

Question 24

Circulatory system

Answer 24

organ system that transports needed materials to cells and removes wastes.

Question 25

Larva

Answer 25

immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult.

Question 26

Polyp

Answer 26

cnidarian body form characterized by an upright vase shape and usually adapted for a life attached to an underwater surface.

Question 27

Medusa

Answer 27

cnidarian body form characterized by an open umbrella shape and adapted for a freeswimming life.

Question 28

External fertilizer

Answer 28

When eggs are fertilized outside of a female’s body.

Question 29

Internal fertilizer

Answer 29

When eggs are fertilized inside a female’s body.

Question 30

Gestation period

Answer 30

length of time between fertilization and birth of a mammal.

Question 31

Amniotic eggs

Answer 31

An egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep the embryo moist; a major adaptation to life on land characteristic of reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals.

Question 32

Placenta

Answer 32

organ in most pregnant mammals, including humans, that links the mother and the developing embryo and allows for the passage of materials between them.

Question 33

Metamorphosis

Answer 33

process in which an animal’s body undergoes major changes in shape and form during its life cycle.

Question 34

Complete metamorphosis

Answer 34

type of metamorphosis with four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult

Question 35

Pupa

Answer 35

third stage of complete metamorphosis, in which a larva develops into an adult insect.

Question 36

Incomplete metamorphosis

Answer 36

type of metamorphosis with three stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

Question 37

Nymph

Answer 37

stage of incomplete metamorphosis that usually resembles the adult insect.

Question 38

Tadpole

Answer 38

larval form of a frog or toad.