Chapter 8: Periodic Relationships Among the Elements

Question 1

Amphoteric oxide

Answer 1

An oxide that exhibits both acidic and basic properties

Question 2

Atomic radius

Answer 2

One-half the distance between 2 nuclei in 2 adjacent atoms of the same element in a metal. For elements that exist as diatomic units, the atomic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of the two atoms in a particular molecule

Question 3

Core electrons

Answer 3

All nonvalence electrons in an atom

Question 4

Diagonal relationship

Answer 4

Similarities between pairs of elements in different groups and periods of the periodic table

Question 5

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff)

Answer 5

The nuclear charge felt by an electron when both the actual charge (Z) and the repulsive effect (shielding) of the other electrons are taken into account

Question 6

Electron Affinity (EA)

Answer 6

The negative of the enthalpy charge when an electron is accepted by an atom in the gaseous state to form an anion

Question 7

Ionic Radius

Answer 7

The radius of a cation or anion as measured in an ionic compound

Question 8

Ionization energy (IE)

Answer 8

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom (or an anion) in its ground state

Question 9

Isoelectronic

Answer 9

Ions, or atoms and ions, that possess the same number of electrons, and hence the same ground-state electron configuration, are said to be isoelectronic

Question 10

Representative elements

Answer 10

Elements in Groups 1A through 7A, all of which have incompletely filled s or p subshell of highest principal quantum number

Question 11

Valence electrons

Answer 11

The outer electrons of an atom, which are those involved in chemical bonding