Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding II, Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Question 1

Antibonding molecular orbital

Answer 1

A molecular orbital that is of higher energy and lower stability than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed

Question 2

Bond order

Answer 2

The difference between the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and antibonding molecular orbitals, divided by two

Question 3

Bonding molecular orbital

Answer 3

A molecular orbital that is of lower energy and greater stability than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed

Question 4

Delocalized molecular orbital

Answer 4

Molecular orbitals that are not confined between two adjacent bonding atoms but actually extend over three or more atoms

Question 5

Dipole Moment (u)

Answer 5

the product of charge and the distance between the charges in a molecule

Question 6

Homonuclear diatomic molecule

Answer 6

A diatomic molecule containing atoms of the same element

Question 7

Hybrid orbital

Answer 7

Atomic orbitals obtained when two or more nonequivalent orbitals of the same atom combine

Question 8

Hybridization

Answer 8

The process of mixing the atomic orbitals in an atom (usually the central atom) to generate a set of new atomic orbitals

Question 9

Molecular orbital

Answer 9

An orbital that results from the interaction of the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms

Question 10

Nonpolar molecule

Answer 10

A molecule that does not possess a dipole moment

Question 11

Pi bond

Answer 11

A covalent bond formed by sideways overlapping orbitals; its electron density is concentrated above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms

Question 12

Pi molecular orbital

Answer 12

A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated above and below the plane of the two nuclei of the bonding atoms

Question 13

Polar molecule

Answer 13

A molecule that possesses a dipole moment

Question 14

Sigma Bond

Answer 14

A covalent bond formed by orbitals overlapping end-to-end; its electron density is concentrated between the nuclei of the bonding atoms

Question 15

Sigma molecular orbital

Answer 15

A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated around a line between the two nuclei of the bonding atoms

Question 16

Valence Shell

Answer 16

The outermost electron-occupied shell of an atoms, which holds the electrons that are usually involved in bonding

Question 17

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model

Answer 17

A model that accounts for the geometrical arrangements of shared and unshared electron pairs around a central atom in terms of the repulsions between electron pairs