Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding II, Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Flashcards

1
Q

Antibonding molecular orbital

A

A molecular orbital that is of higher energy and lower stability than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed

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2
Q

Bond order

A

The difference between the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and antibonding molecular orbitals, divided by two

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3
Q

Bonding molecular orbital

A

A molecular orbital that is of lower energy and greater stability than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed

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4
Q

Delocalized molecular orbital

A

Molecular orbitals that are not confined between two adjacent bonding atoms but actually extend over three or more atoms

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5
Q

Dipole Moment (u)

A

the product of charge and the distance between the charges in a molecule

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6
Q

Homonuclear diatomic molecule

A

A diatomic molecule containing atoms of the same element

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7
Q

Hybrid orbital

A

Atomic orbitals obtained when two or more nonequivalent orbitals of the same atom combine

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8
Q

Hybridization

A

The process of mixing the atomic orbitals in an atom (usually the central atom) to generate a set of new atomic orbitals

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9
Q

Molecular orbital

A

An orbital that results from the interaction of the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms

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10
Q

Nonpolar molecule

A

A molecule that does not possess a dipole moment

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11
Q

Pi bond

A

A covalent bond formed by sideways overlapping orbitals; its electron density is concentrated above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms

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12
Q

Pi molecular orbital

A

A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated above and below the plane of the two nuclei of the bonding atoms

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13
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule that possesses a dipole moment

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14
Q

Sigma Bond

A

A covalent bond formed by orbitals overlapping end-to-end; its electron density is concentrated between the nuclei of the bonding atoms

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15
Q

Sigma molecular orbital

A

A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated around a line between the two nuclei of the bonding atoms

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16
Q

Valence Shell

A

The outermost electron-occupied shell of an atoms, which holds the electrons that are usually involved in bonding

17
Q

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model

A

A model that accounts for the geometrical arrangements of shared and unshared electron pairs around a central atom in terms of the repulsions between electron pairs