Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding II, Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Flashcards
Antibonding molecular orbital
A molecular orbital that is of higher energy and lower stability than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed
Bond order
The difference between the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals and antibonding molecular orbitals, divided by two
Bonding molecular orbital
A molecular orbital that is of lower energy and greater stability than the atomic orbitals from which it was formed
Delocalized molecular orbital
Molecular orbitals that are not confined between two adjacent bonding atoms but actually extend over three or more atoms
Dipole Moment (u)
the product of charge and the distance between the charges in a molecule
Homonuclear diatomic molecule
A diatomic molecule containing atoms of the same element
Hybrid orbital
Atomic orbitals obtained when two or more nonequivalent orbitals of the same atom combine
Hybridization
The process of mixing the atomic orbitals in an atom (usually the central atom) to generate a set of new atomic orbitals
Molecular orbital
An orbital that results from the interaction of the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms
Nonpolar molecule
A molecule that does not possess a dipole moment
Pi bond
A covalent bond formed by sideways overlapping orbitals; its electron density is concentrated above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms
Pi molecular orbital
A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated above and below the plane of the two nuclei of the bonding atoms
Polar molecule
A molecule that possesses a dipole moment
Sigma Bond
A covalent bond formed by orbitals overlapping end-to-end; its electron density is concentrated between the nuclei of the bonding atoms
Sigma molecular orbital
A molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated around a line between the two nuclei of the bonding atoms