Chapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Question 1

Activity Series

Answer 1

A summary of the results of many possible displacement reactions

Question 2

Aqueous solution

Answer 2

A solution in which the solvent is water

Question 3

Bronsted acid

Answer 3

a substance that donates a proton

Question 4

Bronsted base

Answer 4

a substance that accepts a proton

Question 5

combination reaction

Answer 5

a reaction in which 2+ substances combine to form a single product

Question 6

concentration of a solution

Answer 6

Amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution

Question 7

combustion reaction

Answer 7

A reaction in which a substance reacts with Oxygen, usually with the release to heat and light to produce a flame

Question 8

decomposition reaction

Answer 8

The breakdown of a compound into two or more components

Question 9

dilution

Answer 9

A procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution

Question 10

diprotic acid

Answer 10

Each unit of the acid yields two hydrogen ions upon ionization

Question 11

displacement reaction

Answer 11

an atom or an ion in a compound is replaced by an atom of another element

Question 12

disproportionation reaction

Answer 12

a reaction in which an element in one oxidation state is both oxidized and reduced

Question 13

electrolyte

Answer 13

a substance that when dissolved in water results in a solution that can conduct electricity

Question 14

equivalence point

Answer 14

the point at which the acid has completely reacted with or been neutralized by the base

Question 15

gravimetric analysis

Answer 15

an experimental procedure that involves the measurement of mass

Question 16

half-reaction

Answer 16

explicitly shows the electrons involved in a redox reaction

Question 17

hydration

Answer 17

a process in which an ion or a molecule is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner

Question 18

hydronium ion

Answer 18

the hydrated proton H3O+, shorthand = H+

Question 19

indicator

Answer 19

substance that has a distinctly different color in acidic and basic solutions

Question 20

ionic equation

Answer 20

shows dissolved species as free ions

Question 21

metathesis reaction

Answer 21

A reaction that involves the exchange of parts between two compounds

Question 22

molar concentration

Answer 22

same as molarity

Question 23

molarity (M)

Answer 23

of moles of solute per liter of solution

Question 24

molecular equation

Answer 24

equation in which the formula of the compound is written as though all species existed as molecules or whole units

Question 25

monoprotic acid

Answer 25

each unit of acid yields one H+ ion upon ionization

Question 26

net ionic equation

Answer 26

an equation that indicates only the ionic species that actually take part in the reaction

Question 27

neutralization reaction

Answer 27

a reaction between an acid and a base

Question 28

nonelectrolyte

Answer 28

a substance that when dissolved in H2O, gives a solution that is not electrically conducting

Question 29

oxidation number

Answer 29

the number of charges an atom would have in a molecule if electrons were transferred completely in the direction indicated by the difference in electronegativity

Question 30

oxidation reaction

Answer 30

the half-reaction that involves the loss of electrons

Question 31

oxidation-reduction reaction

Answer 31

a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons or the change in the oxidation state of reactants

Question 32

oxidation state

Answer 32

same as oxidation number

Question 33

oxidizing agent

Answer 33

a substance that can accept electrons from another substance or increase the oxidation numbers in another substance

Question 34

precipitate

Answer 34

an insoluble solid that separates from the solution

Question 35

precipitation reaction

Answer 35

a reaction that results in the formation of a precipitate

Question 36

quantitative analysis

Answer 36

the determination of the types of ions present in a solution

Question 37

redox reaction

Answer 37

a reaction in which there is either a transfer of electrons or a change in the oxidation numbers of the substances taking part in the reaction

Question 38

reducing agent

Answer 38

a substance that can donate electrons to another substance or decrease the oxidation numbers in another substance

Question 39

reduction reaction

Answer 39

the half-reaction that involves the gain of electrons

Question 40

reversible reaction

Answer 40

a reaction that can occur in both directions

Question 41

salt

Answer 41

an ionic compound made up of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2-

Question 42

solubility

Answer 42

the max amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature

Question 43

solute

Answer 43

the substance present in smaller amount in a solution

Question 44

solution

Answer 44

a homogenous mix of 2+ substances

Question 45

solvent

Answer 45

the substance present in larger quantity of a solution

Question 46

spectator ion

Answer 46

ions that arent involved in the overall reaction

Question 47

standard solution

Answer 47

a solution of accurately known concentration

Question 48

titration

Answer 48

the gradual addition of standard solution to a solution of unknown concentration until the chem reaction between the two is complete

Question 49

triprotic acid

Answer 49

each unit of the acid yields three protons upon ionization

Question 50

M=n/V

Answer 50

equation for calculating molarity

Question 51

moles of solute/liters of solution

Answer 51

molarity

Question 52

Mi + Vi=MfVf

Answer 52

dilution of a solution