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Chemistry 121 > Chapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

Activity Series

A

A summary of the results of many possible displacement reactions

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2
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution in which the solvent is water

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3
Q

Bronsted acid

A

a substance that donates a proton

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4
Q

Bronsted base

A

a substance that accepts a proton

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5
Q

combination reaction

A

a reaction in which 2+ substances combine to form a single product

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6
Q

concentration of a solution

A

Amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution

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7
Q

combustion reaction

A

A reaction in which a substance reacts with Oxygen, usually with the release to heat and light to produce a flame

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8
Q

decomposition reaction

A

The breakdown of a compound into two or more components

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9
Q

dilution

A

A procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution

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10
Q

diprotic acid

A

Each unit of the acid yields two hydrogen ions upon ionization

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11
Q

displacement reaction

A

an atom or an ion in a compound is replaced by an atom of another element

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12
Q

disproportionation reaction

A

a reaction in which an element in one oxidation state is both oxidized and reduced

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13
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that when dissolved in water results in a solution that can conduct electricity

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14
Q

equivalence point

A

the point at which the acid has completely reacted with or been neutralized by the base

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15
Q

gravimetric analysis

A

an experimental procedure that involves the measurement of mass

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16
Q

half-reaction

A

explicitly shows the electrons involved in a redox reaction

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17
Q

hydration

A

a process in which an ion or a molecule is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner

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18
Q

hydronium ion

A

the hydrated proton H3O+, shorthand = H+

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19
Q

indicator

A

substance that has a distinctly different color in acidic and basic solutions

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20
Q

ionic equation

A

shows dissolved species as free ions

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21
Q

metathesis reaction

A

A reaction that involves the exchange of parts between two compounds

22
Q

molar concentration

A

same as molarity

23
Q

molarity (M)

A

of moles of solute per liter of solution

24
Q

molecular equation

A

equation in which the formula of the compound is written as though all species existed as molecules or whole units

25
Q

monoprotic acid

A

each unit of acid yields one H+ ion upon ionization

26
Q

net ionic equation

A

an equation that indicates only the ionic species that actually take part in the reaction

27
Q

neutralization reaction

A

a reaction between an acid and a base

28
Q

nonelectrolyte

A

a substance that when dissolved in H2O, gives a solution that is not electrically conducting

29
Q

oxidation number

A

the number of charges an atom would have in a molecule if electrons were transferred completely in the direction indicated by the difference in electronegativity

30
Q

oxidation reaction

A

the half-reaction that involves the loss of electrons

31
Q

oxidation-reduction reaction

A

a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons or the change in the oxidation state of reactants

32
Q

oxidation state

A

same as oxidation number

33
Q

oxidizing agent

A

a substance that can accept electrons from another substance or increase the oxidation numbers in another substance

34
Q

precipitate

A

an insoluble solid that separates from the solution

35
Q

precipitation reaction

A

a reaction that results in the formation of a precipitate

36
Q

quantitative analysis

A

the determination of the types of ions present in a solution

37
Q

redox reaction

A

a reaction in which there is either a transfer of electrons or a change in the oxidation numbers of the substances taking part in the reaction

38
Q

reducing agent

A

a substance that can donate electrons to another substance or decrease the oxidation numbers in another substance

39
Q

reduction reaction

A

the half-reaction that involves the gain of electrons

40
Q

reversible reaction

A

a reaction that can occur in both directions

41
Q

salt

A

an ionic compound made up of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2-

42
Q

solubility

A

the max amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature

43
Q

solute

A

the substance present in smaller amount in a solution

44
Q

solution

A

a homogenous mix of 2+ substances

45
Q

solvent

A

the substance present in larger quantity of a solution

46
Q

spectator ion

A

ions that arent involved in the overall reaction

47
Q

standard solution

A

a solution of accurately known concentration

48
Q

titration

A

the gradual addition of standard solution to a solution of unknown concentration until the chem reaction between the two is complete

49
Q

triprotic acid

A

each unit of the acid yields three protons upon ionization

50
Q

M=n/V

A

equation for calculating molarity

51
Q

moles of solute/liters of solution

A

molarity

52
Q

Mi + Vi=MfVf

A

dilution of a solution

Chemistry 121 (8 decks)

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