Chapter 7: Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Flashcards
Actinide Series
Elements that have incompletely filled 5f subshells or readily give rise to cations that have incompletely filled 5f subshells
Amplitude
The vertical difference from the middle of a wave to the peak or trough
Atomic Orbital
The wave function (psi) of an electron in an atom
Aufbau principle
As protons are added one by one to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons similarly are added to the atomic orbitals
Boundary surface diagram
Diagram of the region containing a substantial amount of the electron density (about 90%) in an orbital
Dimagnetic
Repelled by a magnet, a dimagnetic substance contains only paired electrons
Electromagnetic radiation
The emission and transmission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic wave
A wave that has an electric field component and a mutually perpendicular magnetic field component
Electron configuration
The distribution of electrons among the various orbitals in an atom or molecule
Electron density
The probability that an electron will be found at a particular region in an atomic orbital
Emission spectra
Continuous or line spectra emitted by substances
Excited level/state
A state that has higher energy than the ground state
Frequency
(nu) the number of waves that pass through a particular point per unit time
Ground level
The lowest energy state of a system
Ground state
The lowest energy state of a system
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
It is impossible to know simultaneously both the momentum and the position of a particle with certainty
Hund’s Rule
The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins
Lanthanide
Elements that have incompletely filled 4f subshells or readily give rise to cations that have incompletely filled 4f subshells
Line spectra
Spectra produced when radiation is absorbed or emitted by substances only at some wavelengths
Many-electron atom
Atoms that contain two or more electrons
noble gas core
The electron configuration of the noble gas element that most nearly precedes the element being considered
node
The point at which the amplitude of the wave is zero
paramagnetic
Attracted by a magnet. A paramagnetic substance contains one ore more unpaired electros
Pauli exclusion principle
No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers
Photoelectric effect
A phenomenon in which electrons are ejected from the surface of certain metals exposed to light of at least a certain minimum frequency
Photon
A particle of light
Quantum
The smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted (or absorbed) in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
Quantum numbers
Numbers that describe the distribution of electrons in hydrogen and other atoms
Rare earth series
Same as lanthanide series
Transition metals
Elements that have incompletely filled d subshells or readily give rise to cations that have incompletely filled d subshells
Wave
A vibrating disturbance by which energy is transmitted
Wavelength
(lambda) The distance between identical points on successful waves
