Chapter 5: Gases Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Temperature Scale

A

Temp scale that uses absolute zero as lowest temp

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2
Q

Absolute zero

A

theoretically the lowest attainable temp

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3
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

the pressure exerted by earths atmosphere

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4
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

At constant pressure and temp, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas present

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5
Q

Barometer

A

an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

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6
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant temp is inversely proportional to the gas pressure

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7
Q

Charles’s and Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temp of a gas

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8
Q

Charles’s Law

A

The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temp of a gas

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9
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

A

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is just the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone

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10
Q

diffusion

A

The gradual mixing of molecules of one gas with the molecules of another by virtue of their kinetic properties

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11
Q

effusion

A

A process by which a gas under pressure escapes from one compartment of a container to another by passing through a small opening

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12
Q

gas constant

A

(R) 0.08206 L * atm/K * mol or 8.314 J/K * mol

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13
Q

Graham’s law of diffusion

A

Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, rates of diffusion for gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses

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14
Q

Ideal Gas

A

A hypothetical gas whose pressure-volume-temperature behavior can be completely accounted for by the ideal gas equation

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15
Q

Ideal gas equation

A

PV=nRT

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16
Q

Joule (J)

A

Unit of energy given by newtons X meters

17
Q

Kelvin Temperature scale

A

Same as absolute temp scale

18
Q

Kinetic Energy (KE)

A

energy available because of the motion of an object

19
Q

Kinetic Molecular theory of gases

A

Treatment of gas behavior in terms of the random motion of molecules

20
Q

Manometer

A

A device used to measure the pressure of gases

21
Q

Mole fraction

A

Ratio of the number of moles of one component of a mixture to the total number of moles of all components in the mixture

22
Q

Newton (N)

A

The SI unit for force

23
Q

Partial Pressure

A

Pressure of one component in a mixture of gases

24
Q

Pascal (Pa)

A

A pressure of one newton per square meter

1 N/m^2

25
Q

Pressure

A

Force applied per unit area

26
Q

Root-mean-square (rms) speed

A

A measure of the avg molecular speed at a given temperature

27
Q

Standard atmospheric pressure

A

The pressure that supports a column of mercury exactly 760 mm high at O*C at sea level

28
Q

Standard temperature and pressure

A

0*C and 1 atm

29
Q

van der Waals equation

A

An equation that describes the P, V, and T of a non ideal gas