Chapter 5: Gases Flashcards
Absolute Temperature Scale
Temp scale that uses absolute zero as lowest temp
Absolute zero
theoretically the lowest attainable temp
atmospheric pressure
the pressure exerted by earths atmosphere
Avogadro’s Law
At constant pressure and temp, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas present
Barometer
an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
Boyle’s Law
The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant temp is inversely proportional to the gas pressure
Charles’s and Gay-Lussac’s Law
The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temp of a gas
Charles’s Law
The volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temp of a gas
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is just the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone
diffusion
The gradual mixing of molecules of one gas with the molecules of another by virtue of their kinetic properties
effusion
A process by which a gas under pressure escapes from one compartment of a container to another by passing through a small opening
gas constant
(R) 0.08206 L * atm/K * mol or 8.314 J/K * mol
Graham’s law of diffusion
Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, rates of diffusion for gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses
Ideal Gas
A hypothetical gas whose pressure-volume-temperature behavior can be completely accounted for by the ideal gas equation
Ideal gas equation
PV=nRT
Joule (J)
Unit of energy given by newtons X meters
Kelvin Temperature scale
Same as absolute temp scale
Kinetic Energy (KE)
energy available because of the motion of an object
Kinetic Molecular theory of gases
Treatment of gas behavior in terms of the random motion of molecules
Manometer
A device used to measure the pressure of gases
Mole fraction
Ratio of the number of moles of one component of a mixture to the total number of moles of all components in the mixture
Newton (N)
The SI unit for force
Partial Pressure
Pressure of one component in a mixture of gases
Pascal (Pa)
A pressure of one newton per square meter
1 N/m^2
Pressure
Force applied per unit area
Root-mean-square (rms) speed
A measure of the avg molecular speed at a given temperature
Standard atmospheric pressure
The pressure that supports a column of mercury exactly 760 mm high at O*C at sea level
Standard temperature and pressure
0*C and 1 atm
van der Waals equation
An equation that describes the P, V, and T of a non ideal gas
