chapter 8 part 2

Question 1

Types of LTM

Answer 1

procedural
declarative (semantic and empisodic)
(episodic is Right PFC and semantic is left Prefrontal Cortex)

Question 2

implicit memory

Answer 2

priming

• identifying a stimulus if seen similar stimuli before
• doesn’t require any deliberate effort

Question 3

memory retrieval

Answer 3

reactivation of reconstruction of what is in memory storage

Question 4

what is forgetting?

Answer 4

when the memory is present but inaccessible

Question 5

flash bulb memory

Answer 5

emotional memories so vivid that people recount in remarketable detail

Question 6

context dependent learning

Answer 6

depends on external conditionss

Question 7

state dependent learning

Answer 7

depends on internal conditions

can extend to mood, physiological or psychological state

Question 8

3 R’s associated with assessing memory

Answer 8

recall (generating previous learned information on our own)
recognition (recognizing previously learned info)
relearning (2nd or + time studying it)

Question 9

retroactive interference

Answer 9

new information interferes with old information

Question 10

proactive interference

Answer 10

earlier learning interferes with new learning

Question 11

tip of the tongue phenomenon

Answer 11

remembering things we know weve learned;

Question 12

retrogade amnesia vs. anterograde amnesia

Answer 12

retrograde = lose past memories
anterograde = can`t make new memories

Question 13

two parts of brain that help with emotional memory

Answer 13

amygdala and hippocampus

Question 14

amygdala damage

Answer 14

remember facts about fear producing events but not fear

Question 15

hippocampus damage

Answer 15

remember the fear but not facts about fear producing event

Question 16

infantile amnesia

Answer 16

the inability of adults to retrieve accurate memories before a certain age

Question 17

explanations of infantile amnesia

Answer 17

hippocampus is underdeveloped (no concept of self)

Question 18

false memory controversy

Answer 18

traumatic memories realized during psychotherapy may be false
it`s unlikely to recall things that were traumatic from a long time ago

Question 19

source monitoring confusion

Answer 19

lack or clarity about origin of memory

- identify origin of memory by seeking encoding cues

Question 20

cryptomnesia

Answer 20

mistakenly forget that one of our memories originated with someone else

Question 21

destination monitoring

Answer 21

remembering who we have given information to

Question 22

karl lashley rat study

Answer 22

physical trace of memory in the brain ; all rats remember part of the maze; memory is not located in a single place

Question 23

donald hebb`s theories

Answer 23

engram located in neuronal assemblies

neurons form connections when it`s repeatedly activated by or causes activation of a neuron

Question 24

long term potentiation

Answer 24

correlation of memory; not the basis of memory

• gradual strengthening of connections among neurons by repetitive stimulation over time
• first identified in hippocampus
• increases glutamate release

Question 25

synaptic mechanisms of LPT

Answer 25

occurs at gluatmetergic synapses

glutamate interacts with AMPA and NMDA receptors

Question 26

motivation

Answer 26

drive towards or away from acts

food and sex

Question 27

drive reduction theory

Answer 27

regulation of hunger, thirst, weight, body temperature, and sleep (motivation by instincts) – trying to keep these things in homeostasis

Question 28

incentive theories

Answer 28

we are motivated by positive goals;

motivation comes from the expectation of incentive value

Question 29

intrinsic motivation

Answer 29

master knowledge or doing for fun

Question 30

extrinsic motivation

Answer 30

getting a good grade

Question 31

maslow`s hierarchy of needs

Answer 31

primary - biological needs

secondary - psychological, achieve after primary needs are emt

Question 32

self determination theory

Answer 32

competence, autonomy, relatedness (mastery, freedom of choice, forming meaningful bonds)

Question 33

hormones related to eating

Answer 33

grehlin, leptin, CCk

Question 34

hypothalamus role in eating

Answer 34

lateral hypothalamus (feeding)
ventromedial hypothalamus (fasting)

Question 35

the set point thery

Answer 35

established range of body fat and muscle mass maintained