chapter 8 part 2 Flashcards
Types of LTM
procedural
declarative (semantic and empisodic)
(episodic is Right PFC and semantic is left Prefrontal Cortex)
implicit memory
priming
- identifying a stimulus if seen similar stimuli before
- doesn’t require any deliberate effort
memory retrieval
reactivation of reconstruction of what is in memory storage
what is forgetting?
when the memory is present but inaccessible
flash bulb memory
emotional memories so vivid that people recount in remarketable detail
context dependent learning
depends on external conditionss
state dependent learning
depends on internal conditions
can extend to mood, physiological or psychological state
3 R’s associated with assessing memory
recall (generating previous learned information on our own)
recognition (recognizing previously learned info)
relearning (2nd or + time studying it)
retroactive interference
new information interferes with old information
proactive interference
earlier learning interferes with new learning
tip of the tongue phenomenon
remembering things we know weve learned;
retrogade amnesia vs. anterograde amnesia
retrograde = lose past memories anterograde = can`t make new memories
two parts of brain that help with emotional memory
amygdala and hippocampus
amygdala damage
remember facts about fear producing events but not fear
hippocampus damage
remember the fear but not facts about fear producing event
infantile amnesia
the inability of adults to retrieve accurate memories before a certain age
explanations of infantile amnesia
hippocampus is underdeveloped (no concept of self)
false memory controversy
traumatic memories realized during psychotherapy may be false
it`s unlikely to recall things that were traumatic from a long time ago
source monitoring confusion
lack or clarity about origin of memory
- identify origin of memory by seeking encoding cues
cryptomnesia
mistakenly forget that one of our memories originated with someone else
destination monitoring
remembering who we have given information to
karl lashley rat study
physical trace of memory in the brain ; all rats remember part of the maze; memory is not located in a single place
donald hebb`s theories
engram located in neuronal assemblies
neurons form connections when it`s repeatedly activated by or causes activation of a neuron
long term potentiation
correlation of memory; not the basis of memory
- gradual strengthening of connections among neurons by repetitive stimulation over time
- first identified in hippocampus
- increases glutamate release
synaptic mechanisms of LPT
occurs at gluatmetergic synapses
glutamate interacts with AMPA and NMDA receptors
motivation
drive towards or away from acts
food and sex
drive reduction theory
regulation of hunger, thirst, weight, body temperature, and sleep (motivation by instincts) – trying to keep these things in homeostasis
incentive theories
we are motivated by positive goals;
motivation comes from the expectation of incentive value
intrinsic motivation
master knowledge or doing for fun
extrinsic motivation
getting a good grade
maslow`s hierarchy of needs
primary - biological needs
secondary - psychological, achieve after primary needs are emt
self determination theory
competence, autonomy, relatedness (mastery, freedom of choice, forming meaningful bonds)
hormones related to eating
grehlin, leptin, CCk
hypothalamus role in eating
lateral hypothalamus (feeding) ventromedial hypothalamus (fasting)
the set point thery
established range of body fat and muscle mass maintained
