Chapter 5 part 4 Flashcards
parallel processing
attending to many sense modalities simultaneously
bottom up processing
constructing a whole from its parts
top down processing
beliefs and expectations imposed on how raw stimuli is perceived
association cortex –> primary sensory cortex
Selective attention
how we focus on specific inputs
- reticular activating system
- frontal cortex
who made the filter theory o attention
broadbent
what is the filter theory of attention?
filters allows us to pay attention to important and ignore unimportant stimuli
how was the filter theory of attention tested?
-tested using the dichotic listening
theorist elaborating on broadbent’s findings
Treisman
- dichotic listening but asked to shadow
- subjects repeat what was attended/ sometimes incorporated information from unattended side if it made sense
cocktail party effect
picking out information
e.g: someone saying your name and you can hear it.
inattentional blindness
poor at detecting things in plain sight
Gestalt principles
gestalt principles and how we perceive the whole object —- governed by 6 principles
6 gestalt principles (PSCCFS)
proximity - how close they are to one another
similarity- comprise a whole more than dissimilar (circle circle, square, circle)
continuity - perceived as whole even if blocked
closure - fill in what’s missing when partial info present
figure and ground - decision of focus (central figure or background)
symmetry - figures grouped as single unit
“matching perceptual schemas”
when you don’t need the exact picture of face to recognize who it is
e.g- those whacky drawings with larger caracitures
cross modal activation
provides different perceptual experiences than either modality by itself
expectations and perception
expectations influence perceptions
- perceptual sets increase readiness to perceive stimuli in a certain way
- confirmation bias
perceptual constancy
looking for constancy in size, shape, and colour
- mentally enlargening objects far away so they appear more like similar objects in same scene to recognize them.
depth perception
is seeing spatial relations in 3D
Monocular Cues
rely on one eye and pictorial cues
what are pictorial cues?
analyzing basic elements of a scene.
what is the “motion parallax”?
judging distance by speed of objects (nearby means faster)
Binocular cues
brain comparing info from both eyes
binocular disparity
eyes transmit similar info for distant objects but different for near
Binocular convergence
focus on near objects = eyes turn inward
- brains use amount of convergence to estimate distance
Depth perception appears in infants too. How so?
6-14 months hesitate with cliff experiment
2-4 months autonomic response to deep side of cliff
Phi Phenomenon
fooled into seeing motion when it isn’t there
Relates to Stroboscopic movement (coined by Wertheimer) — movement in strobing lights when our brains are just filling in information
moon illusion
- appears larger when at horizons vs. high in sky.
ames room illusion
distorted room with slanted walls and ceiling and floor inclining.
muller lyer illusion
we perceive lines as part of larger context
e.g zulu huts - huts arranged in circles but it’s just a line.
ponzo illusion
converging lines containing 2 objects of identical size; the farther object looks larger
- brain assumes convergence is equal to distance; compensates by marking further object appear bigger.
ebbinghaus illusion
middle circle same size but perceived as bigger when surrounded by small circles
