chapter 6 part 2: substance + meditation

Question 1

drugs

Answer 1

plant substances that alter consciousness

Question 2

psychoactive drugs

Question 3

where do psychoactive drugs enter the body?

Answer 3

through neurotransmitters

Question 4

substance dependence: tolerance

Answer 4

when you require more drugs to get high

Question 5

physical dependence on drugs

Answer 5

when your body is addicted and drugs used to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Question 6

psychological dependence

Answer 6

continue to have cravings

Question 7

reasons why people use or abuse drugs

Answer 7

• available
• family approved
• don’t anticipate negative consequences
• novelty of it
• gaining peer approval

Question 8

vinocultures “wet” cultures

Answer 8

– drinking daily is considered healthy

Question 9

addictive personalities

Answer 9

individual differences within cultures

- impulsity, sociability, anxiety, hostility

Question 10

depressant drugs

Answer 10

e. g alcohol
- sedative hypnotics (calming, sleep inducing)
- depress effects of CNS

Question 11

alcohol trivia

Answer 11

early western civilization tipsy

• different levels affect brain differently/ go figure.
• alcohol myopia causes drinking and driving (no future thoughts)
• metabolizing 1 drink per hour.

Question 12

BAC charts (above 0.3)

Answer 12

strong sedation

Question 13

BAC charts (0.4 - 0.5)

Answer 13

unconscious

Question 14

BAC charts (0.5 - 0.6

Answer 14

fatal

Question 15

stimulants

Answer 15

increase heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

Question 16

cocaine trivia

Answer 16

• most powerful natural stimulant (decreased appetite, pain sensitivity)
• effects peak in 30 minutes
• from coca leaves
• powerful reinforcer (animals self addicted to death)
• crack (more concentrated and longer)

Question 17

amphetamine trivia

Answer 17

• occasional use to fight fatigue
• prescription leads to misuse
• speed freaks (repeated IV injection, restless, talkative, excited, lack sleep and appetite, paranoia)

Question 18

methamphetamine trivia

Answer 18

• high addictive in crystalline form
• purer than amphetamines
• smoked crystal
• high risk of overdose
• destroys tissues (blood vessels, teeth, causes tremors)

Question 19

narcotics (opiates)

Answer 19

relieves pain and induces sleep (oxycotin, vicodin, morphine, heroin)
- derived from opium poppy
- 3-4 hours high
addicts experience withdrawl within 6 hours of last dose
- pain relief, cough suppressant, lower breathing/ body temperature.

Question 20

nicotine

Answer 20

mimics acetylcholine

- stimulation, relaxation, alertness, adjustive value

Question 21

psychadelics

Answer 21

LSD, mescaline, PCP, ecstasy, marijuana

- produce alterations in perception, mood and thought

Question 22

marijuana

Answer 22

THC psychoactive ingrediant, hash is more potent

• short term - time slows, touch and sound enhance, hunger enhances, well being, giggles
• later high: tired introsepctive
• high dose: short term memory loss, mood disorder, anxiety psychosis

Question 23

LSD trivia

Answer 23

hoffman accidental discovery (1930s)

Question 24

what does LSD interfere with?

Answer 24

serotonin

Question 25

Ecstasy also known as

Answer 25

MDMA (methylendioxymethamphetamine)

Question 26

ecstasy is a stimulant and a _____

Answer 26

hallucinogen

Question 27

ecstasy affects serotonin and is characterized by….

Answer 27

high blood pressure, blurred vision, depression, lack of sleep, memory loss, damage to serotonin neurons