Chapter 8: Memory

Question 1

What is memory?

Answer 1

the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Question 2

What are the 3 retention measures?

Answer 2

recall, recognition, relearning

Question 3

recall?

Answer 3

measure of memory in which a person must retrieve information learned earlier: FITB

Question 4

recognition?

Answer 4

measure of memory in which a person identifies items previously learned: MC

Question 5

relearning?

Answer 5

measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Question 6

our response speed at recalling or recognizing information indicates?

Answer 6

memory strength

Question 7

encode?

Answer 7

getting information into the memory system

Question 8

storage?

Answer 8

retaining encoded information over time

Question 9

retrieval?

Answer 9

getting memory out of memory storage

Question 10

parallel processing?

Answer 10

processing many things simultaneously

Question 11

sensory memory?

Answer 11

immediate brief recording of information in the memory system

Question 12

short term memory?

Answer 12

briefly activated memory of a few items that is later stored or forgotten

Question 13

long term memory?

Answer 13

permanent and limitless archive of memory system: knowledge, skills, experiences

Question 14

working memory?

Answer 14

newer understanding of short term memory: active processing of both sensory information and information retrieved from long term memory

Question 15

explicit memory?

Answer 15

retention of facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare

Question 16

effortful processing?

Answer 16

encoding that requires attention and effort

Question 17

automatic processing?

Answer 17

unconscious encoding of well learned information such as definitions, smells, and sounds

Question 18

implicit memory?

Answer 18

information we dont store purposefully and is the unconscious memory

Question 19

What did george sperlings experiment demonstrate?

Answer 19

iconic memory

Question 20

what is iconic memory?

Answer 20

picture image memory that lasts no longer than 1/10th a second

Question 21

echoic memory?

Answer 21

sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds

Question 22

whats chunking?

Answer 22

organizes items into familiar manageable units to memorize bigger things. think of splitting up the numbers of pi to memorize

Question 23

mnemonics

Answer 23

memory aid, think of king phillip came over for good soup

Question 24

what is massed practice?

Answer 24

cramming

Question 25

spacing effect?

Answer 25

distributed study for better long term retention

Question 26

testing effect?

Answer 26

think flashcards: testing what you know instead of rereading the same notes and highlighting

Question 27

shallow processing?

Answer 27

encoding on a basic level: there their theyre

Question 28

deep processing?

Answer 28

encoding semantically: meaning of the words: better retention than shallow processing

Question 29

semantic memory?

Answer 29

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge

Question 30

episodic memory?

Answer 30

explicit memory of personally experienced events

Question 31

what network processes and stores new explicit memories?

Answer 31

hippocampus and frontal lobe

Question 32

recalling a password would activate right or left lobe?

Answer 32

left frontal lobe

Question 33

remembering a party scene would activate right or left lobe?

Answer 33

right frontal lobe

Question 34

hippocampus?

Answer 34

a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories

Question 35

memories are not permanently stored in the hippocampus, thats temporary, the older files are then shifted to the cortex. what is this process called?

Answer 35

memory consolidation

Question 36

which part of the brain plays a key role in forming and storing implicit memories?

Answer 36

cerebellum

Question 37

basal ganglia function?

Answer 37

involved in motor movement, if you can ride a bike, thank basal ganglia

Question 38

whats a flashbulb memory?

Answer 38

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Question 39

long term potentiation?

Answer 39

increase in nerve cells firing potential after being stimulated. EVIDENCE confirms that LTP IS A PHYSICAL BASIS FOR MEMORY.

Question 40

whats the therapy used to recall older memories?

Answer 40

reminiscence therapy: uses the power of retrieval cues to remember more

Question 41

priming?

Answer 41

the activation of particular associations in memory

Question 42

encoding specificity principle?

Answer 42

the idea that cues and contexts specific to a memory will help us recall it.

Question 43

state dependent memory?

Answer 43

say you are drunk and hide money, you are more likely to remember where you hid the money when drunk again not sober

Question 44

mood congruent memory?

Answer 44

recalling experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood: remembering other sad things when sad

Question 45

serial position effect?

Answer 45

tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. recency vs primacy

Question 46

anterograde amnesia?

Answer 46

when someone can remember past but not form new memories

Question 47

retrograde amnesia?

Answer 47

those who cannot remember old memories but can make new ones

Question 48

proactive interference?

Answer 48

prior learning disrupts recall of new information. say you got a new combination lock, the old combination lock password may interfere with the retrieval of the new one

Question 49

retroactive interference?

Answer 49

occurs when new learning disrupts your recall of old information

Question 50

repression?

Answer 50

banishing anxiety causing thoughts from the conscious: psychoanalytic theory

Question 51

reconsolidation?

Answer 51

when we replay a memory, we replace the original with a slightly modified oe

Question 52

misinformation effect?

Answer 52

when a memory has been corrupted by misleading information

Question 53

source amnesia?

Answer 53

faulty memory for how when or where information was learned or imagined

Question 54

deja vu?

Answer 54

feeling like youve experienced something before