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Psyc1100 > Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two Track Mind > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two Track Mind Flashcards

1
Q

what is consciousness?

A

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

what is hypnosis?

A

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

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3
Q

cognitive neuroscience?

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

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4
Q

selective attention?

A

focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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5
Q

inattentional blindness?

A

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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6
Q

change blindness?

A

failing to notice changes in the environment: a form of inattentional blindness

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7
Q

dual processing?

A

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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8
Q

blindsight?

A

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

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9
Q

we may think of our vision as a single system that controls our visually guided actions, but it is actually?

A

dual processing system

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10
Q

parallel processing?

A

processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously

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11
Q

sequential processing?

A

processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time: generally used to process new information

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12
Q

how long is our battery life before we sleep and what does it mean?

A

16 hours and sleep is a periodic, natural loss of consciousness

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13
Q

whats the internal biological clock that synchronizes with the 24 hour cycle of day and night called?

A

circadian rhythm: circa ( about ) diem ( day )

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14
Q

who discovered REM sleep?

A

rapid eye movement: armond aserinsky discovered it

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15
Q

REM sleep?

A

rapid eye movement, a sleep stage during which vivid dreams occur. It is also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed

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16
Q

alpha waves?

A

the slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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17
Q

whats the first stage of sleep?

A

N1 sleep

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18
Q

during this brief n1 sleep, you can experience images resembling?

A

hallucinations: false sensory experiences

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19
Q

What are the weird sensations of falling or floating called when in N1 sleep?

A

hypnagogic sensations

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20
Q

whats after N1?

A

N2: it happens for about 20 minutes with periodic sleep spindles: rapid brain wave activity that aids in memory processing

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21
Q

delta waves?

A

the large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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22
Q

What is after N2?

A

after N2 is N3 which lasts around 30 minutes. the brain emits large slow delta waves and makes you hard to awaken

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23
Q

REM sleep phase

A

for about 10 minutes, brain waves become rapid and heart rate rises and closed eyes dart around. Genitals also become aroused during this time unless it is a very scary dream

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24
Q

During rem sleep the brains motor cortex is active but your – blocks its messages

A

brainstem blocks the messages leaving the muscles relaxed, youre essentially paralyzed

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25
How many dreams do we have?
1500 a year or more then 100000 in a lifetime
26
How often does the cycle repeat itself for young adults?
90 minutes, but shorter cycles for older adults
27
suprachiasmatic nucleus
pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that control circadian rhythm. in response to light it causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production
28
what are the 5 reasons for why we need sleep?
sleep protects, sleep helps us recuperate, sleep helps restore and rebuild out memories, sleep feeds creative thinking, sleep supports growth
29
what are the 2 phases that help strengthen muscle memories and memory?
rem and n2
30
sleep deprivation messes with hormones metabolism and brains responses to food by?
increasing ghrelin, cortisol, disrupting gene expression leading to more weight gain
31
sleep deprivation affects physical health by?
when we sleep, it boosts our immune cells which battle infections and cancer
32
What are the major sleep disorders?
insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleepwalking, sleeptalking, night terrors
33
insomnia?
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
34
narcolepsy?
sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
35
sleep apnea?
sleep disorder characterized by cessations of breathing during sleep
36
night terrors?
sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and appearance of being terrified, occur in n3 sleep
37
dream?
sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind
38
what do we dream of?
trauma, music, media experiences, etc
39
manifest vs latent content?
manifest content: remembered story line of a dream latent content: underlying meaning of a dream
40
why do we dream?
to satisfy our wishes, to file away memories, to develop neural pathways, to make sense of neural static, and to reflect. cognitive development
41
what does the activation synthesis theory say?
that dreams are the brains attempt to synthesize random neural activity
42
what is rem rebound?
the tendency for rem sleep to increase following rem sleep deprivation
43
psychoactive drugs?
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
44
substance use disorder?
a disorder characterized by continued substance use despite life disruptions and physical risks
45
what is a substance/medication induced disorder?
it is when people misuse drugs and alcohol causing changes in their lives
46
what is tolerance?
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger doses to experience the same effect
47
what is addiction?
compulsive substance use that continues despite harmful consequences
48
withdrawal?
the discomfort and distress that follow after discontinuing drugs
49
the three major categories of psychoactive drugs are?
depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens
50
depressants?
drugs such as alcohol and opiates that reduce neural activity and slows down body functions
51
what is alcohol use disorder or alcoholism?
the prolonged and excessive drinking that characterizes alcohol use disorder can shrink brain and contribute to premature death
52
what are barbiturates?
drugs that depress the cns, sometimes prescribed to induce sleep or reduce anxiety
53
what is opium?
depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. examples include heroin, methadone, codeine, morphine
54
what is a stimulant?
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions. the pupils dilate, heart and breathing rate increases, energy increase.
55
examples of stimulants?
cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy.
56
amphetamine?
drugs such as methamphetamine that stimulates neural activity causing faster body functions
57
nicotine?
tobacco products have highly addictive nicotine.
58
cocaine?
cocaine is a powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant: it produces increased alertness and euphoria
59
methamphetamine?
a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the cns. it triggers the release of dopamine leading to hours of heightened energy and euphoria. overtime it reduces baseline dopamine levels
60
ecstasy?
it is also known as mdma or molly. it is a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen. it triggers dopamine release but it also releases stored serotonin. "i love everyone" is a common thing to hear from someone on ecstasy in a social setting
61
harmful effects of ecstasy?
severe overheating, increased blood pressure, and death. overtime it can damage serotonin producing neurons leading to increased risk of permanent depression
62
what are hallucinogens?
psychadelic drugs such as LSD distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory output
63
near death experience?
altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death: often similar to drug induced hallucinations
64
LSD?
lyseergic acid diethylamide: a powerful hallucinogenic drug known as an acid: emotions from lsd vary from euphoria to detachment to panic
65
Marijuana?
marijuana leaves and flowers contain thc which triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinogens: thc and its by products linger in the body for longer than a week
66
what are the biological influences?
genetics, twin studies, and parents that abused drugs
67
warning signs of alcohol use disorder?
drinking binges, craving alcohol, and usage results in unfulfilled life tasks

Psyc1100 (9 decks)

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