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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 8: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

memory

A

persistence of learning over time through storgae and retrieval

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2
Q

encoding

A

changing incoming sensory stimuli into form for usage and storage

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3
Q

automatic processing

A

processing info w/out effort

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4
Q

effortful processing

A

requires attention and effort

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5
Q

semantic coding

A

encode meaning of word and relate it to similar words

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6
Q

visual encoding

A

encoding of images

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7
Q

acoustic encoding

A

encoding of sounds
-membering fav song

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8
Q

semantic coding gives __ memory than visual or acousitc coding

A

better

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9
Q

self-reference effect

A

info that relates to oneself is remembered batter

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10
Q

storage

A

maintenance of encoded info ever time

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11
Q

stage model of memory

A

often used to explain the basic structute and fucntion of memory (atkinson/shiffrin)

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12
Q

sensory memory

A

brief storage of incoming sensory information

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13
Q

iconic memory

A

sensory memory for visual information

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14
Q

echoic memory

A

sensory memory for auditory info
- nasking someone to repate but heard processes it by the tume they say it again

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15
Q

we attend to __ asoects of sensiry memory

A

certain; not all at once

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16
Q

shorterm memory

A

info currrently aware of; thinking about\
- miller’s magic: 7 +/- 2 (7 pieces of info)
- most info stored in active mem kept for ~ 20-30 seconds

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17
Q

working mem

A

processes used to temp store, organize, manipuklate information, (short term)

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18
Q

rehearsal

A

conscious rfepetition of info to be remembered (short term)

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19
Q

longterm mem

A

continuning stirage of info (outside conscious awareness)(can kast entire life)(always learn new info)

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20
Q

explicit mem

A

intentionakky trying to remem something (long term)

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21
Q

declarative mem

A

consciuslt recall/explain info (long term)

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22
Q

episodic mem

A

lomg term mem of specific events
- episodes form life like diary entries (explicit mem)

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23
Q

semantic mem

A

fact, concepts, names, and other general info (not tied to specific time or place)(explicit mem)

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24
Q

implicit mem (nondeclarative mem)

A

dont purposely try to remem
- both unconscious and unintentional
- not able to easily put into words

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25
Q

procedural mem

A

how to perform a specific task

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26
Q

priming

A

being exposed to info makes related info easier to remem/process

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27
Q

emotionakl condiitoning

A

learned emotional rxn to various stimuli
-many of our fears have been classically conditioned

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28
Q

retrieval

A

bringing stored memorires into conscious awareness

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29
Q

recall

A

access info previouslt learbed w/ minimal cues (retrieval)

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30
Q

recognition

A

indentifyin info previously learned (retrieval)

31
Q

relearning

A

relatively quiker accquisition of info previously learned (retrieval)

32
Q

lashleys search for the engram

A

specific part of brain where mem is stored

33
Q

localized

A

stored in a specific area of brain
- decided that memoris are not localized but instead spread thoughout cerebral cortex

34
Q

equipotentiality hypothesis

A

if part of one area involved in memory of brain is damaged, another part of the smae area can take over that memory function

35
Q

amygdala

A

stress hormones cuase amygdala to activiate memiry traces in frontal lobes/basal ganglia increase activity in areas that help form memories
(why we tend to remem events that ahev strong that help emotional component more vividly)

36
Q

flashbulb memories

A

a clear mem of an emotionaly significant moment/event

37
Q

more we remem something, more __ likely to creep in from other sources of information

A

errors

38
Q

_ mem are stored using your frontal lobes and hippocampus

A

explicit mem

39
Q

mem consolidation

A

eventual movement of explicit memories from hippocampus to cerebral cortex

40
Q

__ helos us consoliate memory

A

sleep
- while we sleep hippocampus process memories so they may be retrieved later

41
Q

cerebellum/prefrontal cortex

A

cere records implicit mems while prefront cortex is need for explicit memories

42
Q

neurotransmitters

A

epinephrine, dopamine, seratonin, glutamtem and actylcholine critical for development of new memories

43
Q

traumatic brain injury

A

skull makes sudden collison w/ another object (frontol/temporal lobes)

44
Q

amnesia

A

loss of mem due to brain injury/trauma

45
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

loss of mem for events after injury
- generally from surgucal injury/diseases

46
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

loss of mem for events before injury
- old; retro memories last

47
Q

memory construction/reconstruction

A

formationtion of new memories/process of retrieving old memories
- fill in details in process of remem
- get gist mostly; some details are wrong

48
Q

suggestibility

A

effets of misinfo from external sources leading to creation of false memories

49
Q

eyewitness misidentification

A

rates higher than ppl think

50
Q

misinfo effect paradigm

A

incorporating misleading info into one’s memory of an event

51
Q

types of forgettig

A

loss of info from long term memory

52
Q

encoding failure

A

info never made it to long term mem in 1st place

53
Q

transience

A

accesibility of mem decreases ofver tome

54
Q

storage decay

A

theory siggests that over time, these mem traces begin to fade/disappear

55
Q

absentmindedness

A

forgetting causes b y lapses in attention (arent guven the right cues to help retrieve it)
- forgetting why walked into room

56
Q

blocking

A

accessability of info is temp blocked
- a good cue for one person may not be a good cue for another

57
Q

tip of the tongue experience

A

feel certain info is stored in ,mem but unable toaccess it/retrieve it

58
Q

kids exceptionally suscptible

A

cant remem where they got an idea

59
Q

source misattribution aka source amnesia

A

ppl forget when/where/how they got obtained info

60
Q

bias

A

mem distorted by crrent belief systems

61
Q

persistance

A

inability to forget undesireable memories

62
Q

interference

A

some memories compete and interfere w/ other memories

63
Q

proactive interference

A

old mem makes it more diff/impossible to remem a new memory (projects into future - new hard to retrieve)

64
Q

retroactive interference

A

new mem interferes w/ ability to remem old memory (retreats into past - old hard to retrieve)

65
Q

motivatged forgetting

A

actively work to forgte memories especially traumatic/disturbing

66
Q

suppression

A

conscious form of forgetting
- memory still there - trying not to think of it

67
Q

repression

A

unconscious form of forgetting
- memory is gone

68
Q

chunking

A

process of taking indiv units of info (chunks) and grouping them into larger units

69
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

think about meaninhof new info and relate it to info already in memory (thiking it through)

70
Q

mnemonic devices

A

memory aid, especially those that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

71
Q

method of loci

A

imagine places of familarity to help you memorize

72
Q

massed vs distributed practice - spacing effect

A

tendency for distributed study/practice to yield better long term retention than is acheived through massed study/practice

73
Q

distributed, aka spaced practice

A

encoding in several instances spread out over time

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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