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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 3: Biopsychology > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

theory of evolution by natural selection

A

those suited for enviornmental survival/reproductions

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2
Q

chromosomes

A

threads inside cell nucleus that carry genes

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3
Q

DNA

A

vomplex molecule that vontains genetic information

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4
Q

Genes

A

gentic magterial, composed of dna

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5
Q

genotype

A

genetic material

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6
Q

phenotype

A

physical traits

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7
Q

dominant - recessive gene

A

will “win” when paired w/ recessive gene
- must inherit 2 copies of recessiive gene to show trait

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8
Q

polygenic

A

characteridtic is product of interaction of many diff. genes

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9
Q

mutatation

A

sudden, permananet change in a gene
- ex: raditation

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10
Q

range of reaction

A

genes set up a range of possibili; environment determines outcome w/in that range

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11
Q

genetic environmental correlation

A

genes influence environment and environemt influences expression of genes

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12
Q

passive gene-environment correlation

A

association b/w genotype a child inherits from their parents and the enviromen tthe child is raised

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13
Q

evocative (reactive) gene environmental correlation

A

individual’s (heritable) beh evokes an evvironmental response

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14
Q

active gene-environmental correkation

A

person has a heritable inclinatio to select environmental exposure

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15
Q

epigenics

A

studies how same genotypes expressed in diff. ways
- idnetical twins w/ diff. health outcomes

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16
Q

nervous system

A

allows for communication in brain/rest of body

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17
Q

neuron

A

basic unit of nervous system

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18
Q

glial cells

A

scaffolding for neurons may aid in memory/clear debris

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19
Q

semipermeable cells

A

small/uncharged molecules can pss through

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20
Q

dendrites

A

recieve info transports to cell body

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21
Q

cell body (soma)

A

keeps neurons alive; decides if it will fire action potential threshold

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22
Q

axon

A

carries impulse away from body

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23
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

sacks of chemical/neurotransmitters

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24
Q

neurotransmitters

A

released by transmitting neuron; cuases changes imn receiving neuron

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25
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty insulation on axons; like pearls on a string

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26
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

sections of axon where myelin sheath is thin/absent

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27
Q

action potential

A

impulse that travels from cell body to end of axon

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28
Q

synaptic cleft

A

tiny space between neurons

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29
Q

receptors

A

molecule in membrane of receiving neuron

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30
Q

excitatory

A

next neuron is likely to fire action potential

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31
Q

inhibitory

A

next neuron is less likely to fire action potential

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32
Q

all or none response

A

neuron either fires or doesnt

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33
Q

reuptake

A

extra neurotansmittes are reabsorbed by releasing neuron

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34
Q

refractiry period

A

cant fire another action potention

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35
Q

psychotropic medications

A

any drug that affects beh/mood/thought/perception

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36
Q

acetylcholine

A

muscle action/memory/increaded arousal/cognition

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37
Q

dopamine

A

mood/sleeping/learning/pleasure/suppresed appetite

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38
Q

GABA

A

brain function/sleep/decreased anxiety/tension

39
Q

glutamate

A

major excitatory neujrotransmitter (released about 90% of the brain’s neurons)
- memory/learning

40
Q

norepinephrine

A

heart/intestines/alertness/arousal/supp appetite

41
Q

serotonin

A

mood/sleep/modulate mood/suppressded appetite

42
Q

agonists

A

similar in strucre/binds to receptors sites and produces same effect

43
Q

antagonist

A

similar enight but blocks action of neurotransmitter

44
Q

CNS

A

brain/spinal cord

45
Q

PNS

A

all other neurons that send signals to cns

46
Q

sensory neurons

A

body to cns

47
Q

motor neurons

A

cns to bodym

48
Q

somatic

A

skeltetal (conneted to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles)
-ON PURPOSE

49
Q

autonomicon

A

digesting food, sweatig, etcc..
- AUTOMATIC

50
Q

sympathetic

A

fight/fligt

51
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest/digestsp

52
Q

[spinal cord

A

extension of brain
-reflexes

53
Q

neuroplasticity

A

adaptibilty of nervous system
- thoughts make brain bigger

54
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of brain

55
Q

lateralization

A

hemispheres have separate areas of specialization

56
Q

corpus callosum

A

large band of neural fibers connecting hemispheres; carries messgaes

57
Q

forebrain structures

A

largest part of brain
- cerebral cortesx divided iunto 4 sections q

58
Q

frontol lobes

A

front og brain just under skull

59
Q

motor cortex

A

produces voluntary movement (emotion/plans/creativity/initiative)

60
Q

prefrontol cortex

A

reasoning, decision making, planning, judgement

61
Q

phineas gage

A

rod throguh prefrontal cortex

62
Q

brocas areas

A

speech production
- can undertsan other/can say anything

63
Q

parietal lobes

A

top of head/toward back

64
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

info about touvh, pain, pressure, temperature

65
Q

temporal lobes

A

around temples of head
- sound is processed here first

66
Q

auditory cortex

A

processes sounds

67
Q

wernickles areas

A

language proccesing
- can speak/ cant undertsand others

68
Q

occipital lobes

A

back of head

69
Q

primary visual cortex

A

processes visual info
- damage here can make you go blind

70
Q

thalmus

A

officer for all sesnes exceot smell=
- decides where to send sensory info to the brain

71
Q

olfactoy bulb

A

lies near areas involved in emotion/smell is processed here

72
Q

limbic system

A

structures invilved w/ emotions and motivated beh

73
Q

amyglada

A

evaluates sincomign sensory info
(quick yes/no decison)

74
Q

hypothalamus

A

survival: hunger/thrist/ reproductions
(body temp: autonomic system):h

75
Q

hippocampus

A

short-term to long term memory
- HM (henry molaison) got it removed and couldnt form longtert memoreies

76
Q

midbrain

A

sturcute b/w forebrain and hindbrain

77
Q

reticular formation

A

screeens incominmg info, alerts higher sensors if somethig needs attentionm

78
Q

hindbrain

A

transition between spinal colrd/brain

79
Q

medulla

A

unconscious body processes
- where the crossover of nerves happens

80
Q

pons

A

sleping/waking/dreaming
- keeps you relatively motionless while slepping

81
Q

cerrebellum

A

on top of brain stem at th back of brain
- contributes t sennse of balance/coordinating muscles

82
Q

lesion studies

A

portion of brain is damaged to see what changes

83
Q

EEG

A

usually pasted/taped to scalp
- detect activity of neurons in brain

84
Q

PET scan

A

record biochemical cgnages in brain as they hnappen
- person is given glucose

85
Q

MRI

A

powerful magnetic fields/radio frequencies produce vibrations in the nuclei of atomd that make up oir organs

86
Q

fMRI

A

ultrafast and cna capture brian changes many times a second a s a person does a task

87
Q

TMS

A

delivers a large current through wir placed in geas \
- can turn part of brain on/off

88
Q

endocrine system

A

series of glands throughoiut bdy that produce/release hormones

89
Q

hormones

A

chemicals releases by glands
- direct/indirect effects on bidy shape, functioning
- not alwyas chenically distinct from neurotransmitters

90
Q

pituitary gland

A

releases hormone that have direct effects

91
Q

melatonin

A

biological rhythms/promites sleeps

92
Q

oxytocin

A

work w/ vasopressin to promotes attachment/trust

93
Q

adrenal hormones

A

fight/flight response

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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