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Psych 2005 (Section 5) > Chapter 4: States of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 4: States of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness is

A

our awareness of internal/external stimuli

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2
Q

sleep is

A

state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity/reduced sensory awareness

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3
Q

wakefulness is

A

characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, beh

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4
Q

biological rhythms are

A

internal rhythms of biological activity

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5
Q

circadian rhythm is

A

what people often refer to as your body’s internal, biological clock
- the typical human circadian rhythm occurs on a cycle of about 24 hours
- functions on BODY TEMP (body increases in the morning/throughout the day but decreases in the evening/at night)

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6
Q

biological clock is a process that …

A

process which facilitates sleeping, aging, fertility, other physiological activities

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7
Q

melatonin

A

triggered by darkness/causes drowsines

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8
Q

pineal gland

A

brightness supresses release of melatonin from this gland (feel more awake in daytime)

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9
Q

homestasis is

A

maintaining of balance/optimal level w/in a biological system

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10
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

brain’s clock mechanism; located in hypothalamus

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11
Q

sleep regulation

A

brain’s control of switching between sleep/wakefulness, coordinatig this cycle w/ outside world

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12
Q

jet lag is

A

systoms that result from mismatch b/w our internal circadian cycle and our environment
- fatigue, insomnia, sluggy, irritable

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13
Q

insomnia

A

consistent difficulty in falling alseep/staying awake for at least 3 nights a week over a months time

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14
Q

rotating shift work

A

work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily/weekly basis

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15
Q

sleep debt

A

negative outcomes associated w/ sleep deprivation

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16
Q

recommended hours of sleep

A

0-1 years: 14-17
6-13 years: 9-11
14-17 years: 8-10
24-64 years: 7-9
65+ years: 7-8 years:

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17
Q

sleep dep causes

A

weight gain, risk for high blood pressure, heart problems, worse immune system

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18
Q

sleep rebound

A

a sleep-dep person will tent to take a shorter amount of time to fall asleep during opporutinies for sleep

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19
Q

evolutionary psych says

A

studies show hpw universal patterns of beh/cognitive processes have evolved over time
- hypothesis 1: sleep restores resources that are expended
- hypothesis 2: sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predators

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20
Q

benefits of sleep

A

healthy weight, low stress, high motor cordination, benefits of cognition/memory function

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21
Q

the bad effects of not getting enough sleep cause cognitive functions like …

A

sleep dep results in disruption in cognitive memory deficits , which lead to impaired ability to make good decisions, have good long term memory

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22
Q

rapid eye movement (rem)

A

darting movements of eyes under closed eyelids

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23
Q

non-rem (nrem)

A

has 4 stages that are distinguished from each other and wakefulness by characteristic patterns of brain waves

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24
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

phase b/w wakefulness and sleep
- slowed heartbeat/breathing
- muscle tension + body temp lowered

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25
Q

alpha waves

A

low freuncy, high amplitude
(relaxed yet awake person)

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26
Q

theta waves

A

lower frequency, higher amplitude than alpha

27
Q

stage 2

A

state of deep relaxation
- theta waves interupted by brief sleep spindles

28
Q

sleep spindle

A

rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for learning/memory

29
Q

k-complex

A

very high amplitute pattern of brain activity that may occur in repsosne to environmental stimuli; might serve as bridge to higher levels of arousal in repsonse to whats going on in our environment

30
Q

stage 3/4

A

deep-sleep/slow-wave sleep
- low frequency, high amp delta waves

31
Q

delta waves

A

lowest frequency/highest amp of sleeping waves

32
Q

during rem, the brain waves are similar to those of an __ person… + this is where __ occurs

A

awake; dreaming
- dreams also iccur for longer than a few seconds

33
Q

paradoxical sleep

A

combo of high brain activity/lack of muscle tone (movement)

34
Q

rem rebound

A

people deprived of rem sleep who are then allowed to sleep w/o disturbance will spend more time in rem to recover lost time in rem

35
Q

freud thoguht __ provide access to unconsciousness

A

dreams
- said they represented what the unconscious wanted in disguised form

36
Q

manifest content

A

actual content/storyline

37
Q

latent content

A

hidden meaning

38
Q

jung believed dreams allowed us to tap into __

A

collective unconscious

39
Q

collective unconscious

A

a store of info he believed everyone was born with

40
Q

activation-synthesis theory

A

developed by alan hobson/robert mccarley and sais that dreams reflect sleeping brain’s attempt to make sense of random/internally generated neural signals during rem sleep

41
Q

cartwright’s neurocognitive theory of dreaming

A

dreams are reflections of waking lif/meaningful product of our cognitive capacities

42
Q

insomnia caused by

A

stress, relationship problems, medications, illness, caffeine, napping during day, etc…

43
Q

sleepwalking

A

acts like fully awake person
- 15-30% of children
- 4-5% of adults

44
Q

rem sleep behavior disorder

A

physicallt act out vivid/unpleasant dreams w/ vocal sounds/sudden violent arm/leg movement

45
Q

night terrors

A

diff from nightmares
- waking up in intense terror w/ no memory of dream/reason why (hard to soothe)

46
Q

sleep apnea

A

prob breathing during sleep

47
Q

obstructuve sleep apnia

A

airways repatedly partially/completely blocked during sleep

48
Q

central sleep apnia

A

brain forgets to tell you to breathe b/c of issues w/ respiratory control center

49
Q

sids

A

infant stops breathing/dies
- lay baby on back when sleeping w/ no items in crib to prevent this

50
Q

narcolepsy

A

sudden sleep lasting from few seconds to several minutes (not common-as long as an hour)

51
Q

cataplexy

A

loss of muscle tone
- mucles become limp and can occur to healthy people during rem sleep`

52
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemicals similar to those found naturallt in our brains that alter consciousness by chaing chem processes in neurons

53
Q

diagnosis

A

often uses more substance than originally intended

54
Q

physicla dependence

A

take drug to avoid withdrawl symptoms

55
Q

psychological depence

A

motivated by intense cravings

56
Q

tolerance

A

need to sonsume higher amound to achive intoxation

57
Q

withdrawl

A

symptoms cuased by stopping/reducing intake of drug

58
Q

depressants

A

suprress cns activity

59
Q

alcohol

A

low amounts= relax/good mood/lots of talking/impaired judgement
high amounts= slowed thinking/bad coordination/possible increase in aggression

60
Q

stimulants

A

increase overall levels of neural activity

61
Q

cocaine

A

snorting/injection/smoking = blocks dopamine neurotransmitter by blocking reuptake of dopamine

62
Q

meth

A

anti[hetamine that increses wakefulness/p. e./rapid heartbeat/high blood pressure

63
Q

opiods

A

heroin/morphine/methadone/codeine
- decreases pain
(body makes neurotransmitters like these in small amount to decrease oain naturally)

64
Q

mediation

A

focus on 1 thing to increase awareness of the moment

Psych 2005 (Section 5) (9 decks)

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