Chapter 8 - Memory Flashcards
getting information into the system by translating it into a neural code that your brain processes is known as ________
encoding
______ involves retaining information over time
storage
what do we call it when we pull information out of storage when we want to use it
retrieval
the three component model includes what three kinds of memory
sensory
short term/working
long term
______ memory holds incoming sensor info just long enough for it to be recognized,
sensory
the mind as a processing system _______, ______, and ________ information
encodes, stores, and retrieves information
sensory memory holds information just long enough for it to be recognized and is composed of two sensory registers (initial info processors)
name them
iconic store - visual sensory
echoic store (auditory sensory) 0 lasts longer than iconic
_________ memory- holds info that we are conscious of at any given time, consciously processes, codes and works on info
short term/working
memory code can take various forms, and stores it so it can be retained in short and long term memory. what are the forms
(hint, there are 4)
visual,
phonological (sound
semantic (meaning of stimulus)
motor
the _____ ______ controls 3 distinct storage-rehearsal systems, visual store, verbal store and episodic buffer
central executive
phonological group breifly stores mental representations of _______
sound
___________ sketchpad briefly stores visual and spatial information
visuospatial skeptchpad
_______ is a process of encoding and decoding
memory
in ______ one spontaneously generates information
recall
in __________ one identifies information
recognition
is recall or recognition easier?
recognition is easier
m/c question are recognition
the main two channels from which we acquire memory traces are _____ and ______
visual
when you receive info, it goes through a 3 stage model of processing, what are the three stages
sensory register - very short
Short term memory - your conscious thoughts and sensations
long-term memory - recalling information comes from here
information in your sensory register
a. lasts long
b. is there for a short time
b
information in the visual sensory register is known as an ______
icon
information in a auditory sensory register is known as an _______
echo
material in short term memory is held there by _______
rehersal
if you do not rehearse information in your short term memory, what happens
you lose it
what is the meaning of short term memory having limited capacity
short term memory can only hold 7-9 items at a time
an ______ buffer is a temporary storage space for information retrieved from your long-term memory that can be manipulated and made available to your conscious awareness
episodic
how does chunking help recall?
combining individual items into larger units to greatly help recall
remembering telephone numbers is an example of what recall tactic
chunking
repeating something to remember it is known as
maintenance rehersal
when you focus on the meaning of information or relating it to other things you’ve learned, what type of rehearsal are you using
elaborative rehearsal
what is the serial position effect
recall is influenced by a words position in a series of items