Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 1002 - Psych as a Natural Science > Chapter 1 - Science of Behaviour > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Science of Behaviour Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Psychology

A

The Scientific study of the mind and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Behavior

A

Directly observed actions and responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define the mind

A

intellectual states and processes (thoughts, feelings) inferred form observed, measurable responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is clinical psychology

A

study and treatment of mental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is cognitive psychology

A

study of mental processes; mind as an informational processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is neuroscience/biological psychology

A

biological reasons for behavior (genes, evolution, brain processes, hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is developmental psychology

A

follows the physical, psychological, and social development throughout one’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is experimental psychology

A

deals with experiments, learning, sensory systems and perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is industrial organizational psych

A

deal with workplace workplace behavior, leadership, teamwork and motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is personality psychology

A

how personality traits relate to behavior; focus on measurement of personality (tests)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is social psychology

A

influences people have on each other and how they view each other (relationships)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 4 goals of psychology

A

DESCRIBE how ppl and other animals behave

EXPLAIN and understand causes of behavior

PREDICT behavior

INFLUENCE/CONTROL human behavior in order to enhance human welfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what’s the difference between basic and applied research

A

Basic - knowledge for its own sake

applied- solve specific practical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what’s the mind-body problem

A

is the mind a spiritual entity separate from the body or is it a a part of the physical body?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is mind-body dualism

A

the belief that the mind is a spiritual entity, not physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is dualism and who said what abt it

A

dualism holds that no research on the physical body could make sense of the mysteries of the non-physical mind

Rene decartes; -mind and body interact thru the brain’s tiny pinneal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is monoism and who said what abt it

A

the mind and body are one
Thomas Hobbes; mental events correspond with physical events in brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is british empiricism

A

all knowledge and behaviour is acquired through experience (empirically); humans are born as a blank slate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is psychophysics

A

psychological experiences sensations depend on characteristics of physical stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what did charles darwin’s theory of evolution propose regarding the mind ?

A

the mind it not a spiritual entity, rather a product of biological continuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is structuralism and functionalism? compare

A

structuralism; the mind in terms of basic elements, structures of consciousness

functionalism; functions of consciousness - influenced by darwin it proposed that experience molds behav
- wanted to describe the adaptive (evolutionairy) function of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what did william james do

A

a functionalist

influenced by darwins theory of evolution

wrote the first textbook

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

whats the psychodynamic perspective and who said what about it

A

searches for causes of behavior in personality

Freud;
- introduced the unconscious
- used free association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the behavioral perspective

A

sees behav as jointly determined by previous exp and immediate sitmuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the law of effect (in the behavioural perspective) and who coined it

A

responses followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to reoccur

Edward thorndike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is behaviourism?

Who is the Father of Beahiourism?

A

all behaviours are learned from inerracting with environment
- emphesizes the study of overt, observable behaviours

john b watson

27
Q

what is cognitive behaviourism,

who coined it

A

learning exp and env affect out behav by giving us the info we need to behave accordingly

Albert Bandura

28
Q

what is the humanist perspective

A

each of us have inborn forces towards self actualization ; when humans have a supportive env their positive inner nature emerges

29
Q

what is the cognitive perspective

A

examines the nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behav; humans are informational processors governed by thought

30
Q

what did gestralt psych try to find?

A

how the mind organizes elements into a whole perception; brought light to perception and problem solving

31
Q

what is the modern cognitive perspective

A

study of mental processes by which ppl reason, make decisions, solve problems, form perception and produce/understand launguage

32
Q

what is cognitive neuroscience

A

using brain imaging to examine brain activity while ppl perform cognitive tasks; how we learn language, knowledge, form memories etc

33
Q

what is the sociocultural perspective

A

how the social environment and cultural learning influences behav, thoughts and feelings

34
Q

what is the biological perspective

A

hoe brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behavior

35
Q

what did Karl Lashey do

A

made lesions in brain and observed how it affected learning and memory; inspired the mapping of brain regions

36
Q

What did Donald o hebb propose

A

he proposed that changes in connections between nerve cells provide biological basis for learning, memory and perceptions - lead to the discovery of neurotransmitters

37
Q

what is nativism

A

the perspective that you were born with inborn skills; child prodigies

38
Q

who was william wundt

A

founder of modern psychology, made first lab

39
Q

who is BF Skinner

A

a behaviorist who coined operant conditioning; that learning is controlled by wether the consequences are pos or ned

40
Q

what did jean piaget do

A

suggested that kids dont think the same; coined stages of cognitive developement

41
Q

guess who

  • philosopher and mathematician
  • discovered the reflex arc
  • believed in dualism (the mind works like a machine)
A

rene descartes

42
Q

guess who

  • physicist and mathematician
  • “sensations can be measured”
  • father of psychophysics
A

gustav fechner

43
Q

guess who

  • father of modern psychology
  • first psych lab
  • father of stucturalism
A

wilhelm wundt

44
Q

guess who

  • disputed being the first to set up a psych lab
  • psychologist at Harvard
  • published first psychology textbook
A

william james

45
Q

guess who

  • trained by william james
  • first woman allowed to study at harvard medical school (but denied an actual degree)
A

mary calkins

46
Q

guess who

  • medical doctor
  • believed that psychical disorders could have a psychological base
A

sigmund freud

47
Q

guess who

  • studied under freud
  • broke ranks with freud of disagreements about sexual personality
  • believed in the collective unconscious
A

carl jung

48
Q

guess who

  • humanist approach
  • reacting against freud
  • the self and unconditional positive regard
  • develops the Rogerian therapy
  • believes that clients strive for personal goals
A

carl rogers

49
Q

guess who

  • Nobel prize for work on salivation
  • discovers that associations drive learning
  • classical conditioning
A

ivan pavlov

50
Q

guess who

  • behaviorist
  • operant conditioning
  • important association between the stimulus presented and your response
  • learning is controlled by consequences
A

BF Skinner

51
Q

guess who

  • studied under Binet
  • stages that children do not think like adults
  • stages of cognitive development
A

jean pieget

52
Q

guess who

  • biology of learning and memory
  • searched for the “engram” (single location for memory) and discovered there was not a single location for memory
  • came to believe that memory is distributed throughout cortex
  • used technique of lesioning (destroying specific brain tissue)
A

karl lashey

53
Q

guess who

  • examines the function of cortex through direct stimulation
  • maps cortical function in humans
A

wilder Penfield

54
Q

guess who

  • gestalt psychology
  • studied problem solving
  • learning can occur through insight
A

wolfgang kohler

55
Q

guess who

  • gestalt psychologist and social psychologist
  • behavior always occurs in social contextual environment, a field with many forces directed toward the individual
  • mentors many famous psychologists
A

kurt levin

56
Q

a _______ psychologist is interested in psychological disorders and their treatment

A

clinical

57
Q

a _______ psychologists are not interested in abnormal behavior, rather talking to normal people with normal lives.

A

counselling

58
Q

a _______ psychologist are interested in how mental processes change throughout the course of one’s lifetime

A

developmental

59
Q

dr.mike is a _______ psychologist

A

education

60
Q

a _______ psychologist perform experiments

A

experimental

61
Q

a _______ psychologist are interested in how psychological principles apply in the world of business setting

A

Industrial organizational

62
Q

a _______ psychologist are interested in both the development of personality and the measurement
they do things like creating personality tests

A

personality

63
Q

a _______ psychologist works primality in the school setting

A

school

64
Q

a _______ psychologist are interesting in “normal behavior” and why people do things they do in every day life

A

social

PSYCH 1002 - Psych as a Natural Science (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions