Chapter 8 - Medical Words

Question 1

New surgical opening from the ileum to the outside of the body.

Answer 1

ileostomy

Question 2

Difficulty in digestion; indigestion

Answer 2

dyspepsia

Question 3

Term that describes conditions associated with the gastrointestinal tract, the two most common in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease

Answer 3

inflammatory bowel disease

Question 4

Condition that occurs when the muscle (sphincter) between the esophagus and the stomach is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach’s contents to back up into the esophagus.

Answer 4

gastroesophageal reflux disease (aka GERD)

Question 5

Pertaining to digestion

Answer 5

peptic

Question 6

Instrument used in medical procedure to view the interior of the rectum and anus

Answer 6

proctoscope

Question 7

Process by which nutrients are transferred from the gastrointestinal tract to the bloodstream

Answer 7

absorption

Question 8

The telescoping of one part of the intestine into another, occurs chiefly in children and the ileocecal region.

Answer 8

intussusception

Question 9

Chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly occurs in the ileum

Answer 9

Crohn disease

Question 10

Inflammation of the diverticula

Answer 10

diverticulitis

Question 11

To wash out a cavity. Used to remove or dilute gastric contents in cases of poisoning or ingestion of a caustic substance.

Answer 11

lavage

Question 12

Pertaining to the membrane or peritoneum encircling the small intestines that connects the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 12

mesentery (mess-en-ter-ê)

Question 13

Pertaining to gas expelled from the anus

Answer 13

flatus

Question 14

Varicose veins in the anus or rectal area, can be internal or external

Answer 14

hemorrhoid

Question 15

Condition of excessive vomiting

Answer 15

hyperemesis

Question 16

Pertaining to the twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction

Answer 16

volvulus

Question 17

Condition of the lip

Answer 17

cheilosis (ky-low-sis)

Question 18

Substance that acts to loosen the bowel

Answer 18

laxative

Question 19

Another word for bowel

Answer 19

intestine

Question 20

Study of the stomach and the small intestine

Answer 20

gastroenterology

Question 21

Wavelike contractions that occur involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body; especially the alimentary canal

Answer 21

peristalsis

Question 22

Black, tarry feces

Answer 22

melana

Question 23

Condition of gallstones

Answer 23

choleithiasis (cole-ê-luh-thigh-a-sis)

Question 24

Chronic degenerative liver condition

Answer 24

cirrhosis (sir-oh-sis)

Question 25

Another word for colon cancer

Answer 25

colorectal cancer

Question 26

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 26

ascites (ass-cite-ease)

Question 27

To feed via a tube

Answer 27

gavage

Question 28

Frequent flow of watery stools

Answer 28

diarrhea

Question 29

Inflammation of the gums

Answer 29

gingivitis

Question 30

Vomiting

Answer 30

emesis

Question 31

Disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine; characterized by a group of symptoms, including cramps, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea

Answer 31

irritable bowel syndrome (aka IBS)

Question 32

Another name for feces

Answer 32

stool

Question 33

Abnormal protrusion of an organ through the wall of a body cavity that normally contains it.

Answer 33

hernia

Question 34

Process of inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract

Answer 34

malabsorption

Question 35

Process of infrequent passage of hard dry feces

Answer 35

constipation

Question 36

Condition in which the tongue is covered by hair-like threads, which may appear brown or black; caused by a fungus due to poor hygiene or antibiotic therapy.

Answer 36

black hairy tongue

Question 37

Uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit

Answer 37

nausea

Question 38

Instrument used to view the interior of the sigmoid colon

Answer 38

sigmoidoscope