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science > Chapter 8- Material Changes chapter 9- The earth > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Material Changes chapter 9- The earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are acids and alkalis

A

Liquids

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2
Q

What is an indicator

A

A liquid which produces a particular color if it is mixed with an acid or an alkali

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3
Q

Study the indicator acid and alkali table in your photos

A

How well did u know it

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4
Q

There are two types of litmus paper then which one is used for acid and which one is used for alkalis

A

Blue is for acids, red is for alkalis

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5
Q

What’s the letters P & H stand for

A

Power of hydrogens

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6
Q

What is hydrogen found in? and what does it do in what it is found in

A

Acids,I played as an active part in the chemical reactions

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7
Q

Describe what the letters on the pH scale Stand for

A 
0-2 strong acids
3-6 weak acid 
7- neutral 
8-11 weak alkali
12-14 strong alkali
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8
Q

Study the diagram in your camera roll on the pH scale

A

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9
Q

When does neutralization occur

A

We are in an accident alkali take part in a chemical reaction, salt is formed

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10
Q

What is the general word equation for naturalization

A

Acid+alkali —> salt+water

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11
Q

Go look in your photos and memorize some basic word equations

A

How old did you know them

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12
Q

What is added to soil To neutralize it’s acidity

A

Calcium hydroxide

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13
Q

What does sodium hydrogen carbonate dissolve into water to produce

A

An alkaline solution look at this word equation in your phone

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14
Q

What is used in indigestion tablets when there is too much acid in the stomach

A

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

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15
Q

What are a few things sodium hydrogen carbonate is used in

A

Baking powder, fire extinguishers, indigestion tablets

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16
Q

What type of chemical reactions take in heat?

A

Endothermic reactions

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17
Q

What chemical reactions give out heat

A

Exothermic reactions

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18
Q

When a chemical reaction is not useful

A

When oxygen reacts with oils and food and makes them smell bad, it can make metals weaker, call dust and flour mix with oxygen in the end become hot they can cause explosions

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19
Q

Describe the endothermic reaction burning

A

A substance burns it reacts with oxygen in the air this reaction releases heat. Fuel’s such as wood, coal, oil and natural gas are burnt to provide heat for cooking, warming houses and making steam in power stations to generate electricity, carbon dioxide and water are produced when fuels are burnt

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20
Q

Explain the Exothermic reaction respiration

A

Expiration is the process in which energy is released from food. It takes place in the bodies of all living things. The word equation is glucose plus oxygen —>Carbon dioxide plus water
The energy is used for making substances needed in the body for growth and in animals it is used by muscles to allow movement

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21
Q

Explain the endothermic reaction rusting

A

When iron and oxygen react In an oxidation process to produce rest, heat is given out. In hand warmers this heat is held by a bag which can be used to warm the body

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22
Q

Different metals react at different speeds when they react with…

A

Other chemicals

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23
Q

What happens when oxygen is heated with sodium

A

It bursts into flames and burns quickly to form a white powder

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24
Q

What happens when I and is heated with oxygen?

A

Small particles glow and produce yellow sparks

25
Q

What happens when copper is heated oxygen

A

Does not glow or burst into flame but forms a black powder

26
Q

What happens when gold is heated with oxygen

A

It does not change

27
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water

A

Flights but in bursts into Flame, hydrogen is produced in potassium hydroxide solution is formed

28
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with water

A

It floats and fizzes , Hydrogen is produced and sodium hydroxide solution is formed

29
Q

What happens when calcium reacts with water

A

It shrinks and produces bubbles of hydrogen informs calcium hydroxide solution

30
Q

What happens when magnesium, zinc and iron reacts with water?

A

They do not react with water

31
Q

What is formed when magnesium, zinc and iron react with steam

A

They produce metal oxide and hydrogen

32
Q

What does copper not react with

A

Water or steam

33
Q

Go look in your photos for the reactivity series table

A

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34
Q

Look in your photos and study comparing a salt from a metal and an acid

A

How old did you know this explain to me what you just learned

35
Q

Go look at the diagram in your camera roll of measuring rates of reactions

A

Study this for a while and explain to me what you just learned

36
Q

What is the concentration of a liquid reactant

A

It is a measurement of how much solute Is dissolved in it

37
Q

What does the higher concentrations increase

A

The rate of reaction the Opposite happens with the lower concentrations

38
Q

How does breaking particles into Smaller particles Increase the rate of reaction

A

Oh breaking particles into further small particles you increase the surface area and by increasing the surface area with a reaction takes place, you Increase the rate of reaction

39
Q

What does raising the temperature of the reactants due to the reaction

A

It speeds it up

40
Q

What is some evidence that raising the temperature of the Reactants speeds up the rate of reaction

A

When you mix hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate, And time how long it takes for Sophie💛 to develop the liquid sufficient to block the view of a cross at the base of the flask

41
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of reaction but does not change itself

42
Q

You’re a need a small mount of catalyst to…

A

Increase the reaction rate

43
Q

How many reactions can a catalyst speed up

A

One, it cannot speed up a number of different reactions

44
Q

What is the catalyst manganese Dioxide used speed up

A

The rate at which hydrogen Peroxide breaks down oxygen and water

45
Q

Go look at the earth and earth structure diagram in your photos and study yet

A

Describe to me the placement of The crust, mantle, outer core, and a core

46
Q

Go spend time studying the table on rock types

A

What rock type is granite, chalk, marble

47
Q

Go study the soil table in your photos

A

What soil type is clay with some humans, How well does Sandy soil drain, how good is the air content in loam

48
Q

What are fossils

A

Fossils are formed to the bodies of ancient plants and animals that are quickly covered by sand or mud

49
Q

What Prevents animals from Decaying

A

Sand and mud

50
Q

Describe replacement I’m talking about fossils

A

Replacement, the body tissue dissolve and I washed away to be replaced with minerals that come out of water and make a perfect rocky shape of the body

51
Q

Describe to me petrification In terms of fossils

A

Minerals in the water passing through the fossil settle in tissues and turn them into rock

52
Q

Describe to me what weathering is

A

Rocks break down the process of weathering and the tiny fragments are washed away and deposited In layers, often it mouths of rivers

53
Q

What are two types of rocks are often build up on each other

A

Lime stone in Sandstone

54
Q

What is the show that the earth is very old

A

Different layers of rocks can have different groups of fossils of organismsThat lived in different habitats, such as swamps in deserts. This shows that during the time differently as well laid out, the climate changed. Up until now this has been a very slow process, again hinting that the earth is very old

55
Q

How was the age of the rock found

A

Age of the rock is found by studying the amount of radioactive elements it contains

56
Q

What is a radioactive element

A

Radioactive element is one that breaks down or decays two from other elements. Radioactive elements DK at a regular rate, with some taking thousands or even millions of years it OK to half original mass

57
Q

Definite age of a rock be found

A

A definite age of a rock can be found by comparing the amount of radioactive elements in it with the amounts of elements they have have

58
Q

How old is the earth estimated to be

A

4.6 billion years

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