Chapter 8- Material Changes chapter 9- The earth Flashcards
What are acids and alkalis
Liquids
What is an indicator
A liquid which produces a particular color if it is mixed with an acid or an alkali
Study the indicator acid and alkali table in your photos
How well did u know it
There are two types of litmus paper then which one is used for acid and which one is used for alkalis
Blue is for acids, red is for alkalis
What’s the letters P & H stand for
Power of hydrogens
What is hydrogen found in? and what does it do in what it is found in
Acids,I played as an active part in the chemical reactions
Describe what the letters on the pH scale Stand for
0-2 strong acids 3-6 weak acid 7- neutral 8-11 weak alkali 12-14 strong alkali
Study the diagram in your camera roll on the pH scale
How well did you know it
When does neutralization occur
We are in an accident alkali take part in a chemical reaction, salt is formed
What is the general word equation for naturalization
Acid+alkali —> salt+water
Go look in your photos and memorize some basic word equations
How old did you know them
What is added to soil To neutralize it’s acidity
Calcium hydroxide
What does sodium hydrogen carbonate dissolve into water to produce
An alkaline solution look at this word equation in your phone
What is used in indigestion tablets when there is too much acid in the stomach
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
What are a few things sodium hydrogen carbonate is used in
Baking powder, fire extinguishers, indigestion tablets
What type of chemical reactions take in heat?
Endothermic reactions
What chemical reactions give out heat
Exothermic reactions
When a chemical reaction is not useful
When oxygen reacts with oils and food and makes them smell bad, it can make metals weaker, call dust and flour mix with oxygen in the end become hot they can cause explosions
Describe the endothermic reaction burning
A substance burns it reacts with oxygen in the air this reaction releases heat. Fuel’s such as wood, coal, oil and natural gas are burnt to provide heat for cooking, warming houses and making steam in power stations to generate electricity, carbon dioxide and water are produced when fuels are burnt
Explain the Exothermic reaction respiration
Expiration is the process in which energy is released from food. It takes place in the bodies of all living things. The word equation is glucose plus oxygen —>Carbon dioxide plus water
The energy is used for making substances needed in the body for growth and in animals it is used by muscles to allow movement
Explain the endothermic reaction rusting
When iron and oxygen react In an oxidation process to produce rest, heat is given out. In hand warmers this heat is held by a bag which can be used to warm the body
Different metals react at different speeds when they react with…
Other chemicals
What happens when oxygen is heated with sodium
It bursts into flames and burns quickly to form a white powder
What happens when I and is heated with oxygen?
Small particles glow and produce yellow sparks
What happens when copper is heated oxygen
Does not glow or burst into flame but forms a black powder
What happens when gold is heated with oxygen
It does not change
What happens when potassium reacts with water
Flights but in bursts into Flame, hydrogen is produced in potassium hydroxide solution is formed
What happens when sodium reacts with water
It floats and fizzes , Hydrogen is produced and sodium hydroxide solution is formed
What happens when calcium reacts with water
It shrinks and produces bubbles of hydrogen informs calcium hydroxide solution
What happens when magnesium, zinc and iron reacts with water?
They do not react with water
What is formed when magnesium, zinc and iron react with steam
They produce metal oxide and hydrogen
What does copper not react with
Water or steam
Go look in your photos for the reactivity series table
How well did you know it
Look in your photos and study comparing a salt from a metal and an acid
How old did you know this explain to me what you just learned
Go look at the diagram in your camera roll of measuring rates of reactions
Study this for a while and explain to me what you just learned
What is the concentration of a liquid reactant
It is a measurement of how much solute Is dissolved in it
What does the higher concentrations increase
The rate of reaction the Opposite happens with the lower concentrations
How does breaking particles into Smaller particles Increase the rate of reaction
Oh breaking particles into further small particles you increase the surface area and by increasing the surface area with a reaction takes place, you Increase the rate of reaction
What does raising the temperature of the reactants due to the reaction
It speeds it up
What is some evidence that raising the temperature of the Reactants speeds up the rate of reaction
When you mix hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate, And time how long it takes for Sophie💛 to develop the liquid sufficient to block the view of a cross at the base of the flask
What is a catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of reaction but does not change itself
You’re a need a small mount of catalyst to…
Increase the reaction rate
How many reactions can a catalyst speed up
One, it cannot speed up a number of different reactions
What is the catalyst manganese Dioxide used speed up
The rate at which hydrogen Peroxide breaks down oxygen and water
Go look at the earth and earth structure diagram in your photos and study yet
Describe to me the placement of The crust, mantle, outer core, and a core
Go spend time studying the table on rock types
What rock type is granite, chalk, marble
Go study the soil table in your photos
What soil type is clay with some humans, How well does Sandy soil drain, how good is the air content in loam
What are fossils
Fossils are formed to the bodies of ancient plants and animals that are quickly covered by sand or mud
What Prevents animals from Decaying
Sand and mud
Describe replacement I’m talking about fossils
Replacement, the body tissue dissolve and I washed away to be replaced with minerals that come out of water and make a perfect rocky shape of the body
Describe to me petrification In terms of fossils
Minerals in the water passing through the fossil settle in tissues and turn them into rock
Describe to me what weathering is
Rocks break down the process of weathering and the tiny fragments are washed away and deposited In layers, often it mouths of rivers
What are two types of rocks are often build up on each other
Lime stone in Sandstone
What is the show that the earth is very old
Different layers of rocks can have different groups of fossils of organismsThat lived in different habitats, such as swamps in deserts. This shows that during the time differently as well laid out, the climate changed. Up until now this has been a very slow process, again hinting that the earth is very old
How was the age of the rock found
Age of the rock is found by studying the amount of radioactive elements it contains
What is a radioactive element
Radioactive element is one that breaks down or decays two from other elements. Radioactive elements DK at a regular rate, with some taking thousands or even millions of years it OK to half original mass
Definite age of a rock be found
A definite age of a rock can be found by comparing the amount of radioactive elements in it with the amounts of elements they have have
How old is the earth estimated to be
4.6 billion years
