Chapter 2- Humans As Organisms Flashcards
What does the the nervous system do
It uses messages from the sensory organs and sends messages to the muscles To coordinate the activities of the body
What does the digestive system doing
It breaks down food so that The energy and materials it contains can be used by the body
What does the respiratory system do
It takes in oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide
What does the Excretory system do
It removes poisonous liquid wastes
What perpose does the skeleton have
Protect organs, support the body, allows movement
What do ligaments do
they hold bones together
What does cartilage do
It protects the ends of bones from wear
What does Synovial fluid do
Reduces friction as the bones move
What do Antagonistic muscles do
It contracts when it moves, and a muscle cannot make it self longer again it needs another muscle to put in back to its original length, This is called an antagonistic muscle pair
Give an example of an Antagonistic muscle pair
The biceps and triceps
What does protein do? Example of protein
Growth and repair of body tissues, meat beans lentils milk and cheese
What do fats do, give an example of a fat
Provide energy that is stored in the body, cheese, butter, peanuts
What do carbohydrates do, example of a carbohydrate
Provide the body body with energy that can be used quickly, Bread rice pasta
What vitamins do, give example of vitamin
They keep the body healthy, fruit and vegetables, vitamin C from oranges,Vitamin B 12 from meat
What do minerals do, give an example of a mineral
They keep the body healthy, iron, calcium, they found in fruit and vegetables
Your body needs water because
All chemical reactions of life processes in the cells take place in water
Why does your body need fiber
Fiber Kidz Bop to Foood so that it can be push lawn more easily inside your body and make digestion more Efficient
What happens when you have a lack of vitamin a, prevention foods?
Night blindness you cannot see in the dark to prevent this you need to eat milk, liver, carrot
What happens when you’re lacking vitamin B,prevention ?
Do you get Beriberi, to prevent you should eat bread, milk, brown rice, and soya bean
What happens when you have a lack of vitamin C, prevention?
You get scurvy, you should eat black currant, orange, lemon, guava
What happens when you’re lacking vitamin D, prevention?
You get rickets prevention egg yolk, butter
What happens when you lack iron, prevention?
You get anemia, prevention meat, eggs, lentils
Define a balanced diet
All nutrients are present in the correct amounts to keep your body healthy
How is Foood broken down physically?
Foood is physically broken down by the action of your teeth and enzymes
How is food broken down chemically
Food is broken down chemically by the action of enzymes they act as catalysts and speed up the breakdown of large molecules in food into smaller ones which can then be absorbed by the body
Food group, Protien what are the smaller molecules produced
Amino acids
Food group, fats, small molecules produced?
Fatty acids and Glycerol
Food group, carbohydrates, smaller molecules produced?
Simple sugars
What is the tooth incisor function
Biting
What is the tooth Canine function
Tearing
What is the tooth molar function
Grinding
Oxygenated Blood is carried away from the heart in…
Arteries
Do you oxygenated blood is carried away from the heart in…
Veins
Why do arteries have thick elastic walls?
To stand up to the high pressure of the blood when it leaves the heart
In the body, the arteries divide into tiny blood vessels called…
Capillaries
What takes place in the Capillaries
The exchange of materials between the blood and the tissue cells
Why do veins have thinner walls
Because the blood pressure going back towards the heart is lower
To prevent backflow veins have…
Valves
What is the function of red blood cells
They contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
What is the function of white blood cells
To kill bacteria which causes disease
What is the function of platelets
What is the function of plasma
Blood enters the atriums at the same time the walls of the atria push the blood through the… Into the…
Valves, ventricles
What pushes the blood out of the heart
The ventricles
What causes a pulse
Is the heart pumps blood to budge surges through the blood vessels leaving the heart and causes the walls to expand and shrink
What is the Noses features and functions
Hair to Filter dust, Lucas to chat bacteria and moisten if her lungs, blood vessels in the lining warm air for lungs
What are the features and functions of the wind pipe/trachea
Cartilage rings hold a white open all the time, ciliated cells move dust and bacteria trapped in mucus to the top of the wind pipe for swallowing
What are the features and functions of the lungs
Organ where gas exchange takes place, has three components
What are the features and functions of bronchus
Tube to each line with the same features as the wind pipe
What are the features and functions of the bronchioles
Tubes 1 mm in diameter with muscles and walls carry air to alveoli
What are the features and functions of the chest wall
Ribs and muscles, ribs rise to increased his volume and draw it in, ribs lower to decrease chest volume and push air out
What are the features and functions of the diaphragm
A muscle at the base of the chest contracts and lowers to increase his volume and draw it in relaxes and rise says to decrease his volume and push air out
Where is gas exchange take place
The Alveoli
Explain the steps of inhaling gas exchange
Oxygen is inhaled, dissolves in the moisture covering of the alveoli wall, Then diffuses into the wall into the capillary next to it it is taken up by hemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin
Describe the steps of exhaling gas exchange
Carbon dioxide is dissolved into the plasma diffusers from the Capillery through the ever alveoli wall , Then escapes is a gas into the lung air and is exhaled
Describe what aerobic respiration is
In Aerobic respiration the energy is released from food with the use of oxygen. Aerobic respiration takes place in the body cells.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen —> Energy released + carbon dioxide + water
What physical changes do males have when going through puberty
Growth of hair on face, hair in the armpits and pubic region, broadening of shoulders, growth of penis and testicles, deepening of voice
What physical changes do women go through during puberty
Growth of hair on face, hair in the armpits and pubic region, development of breasts, growth of the uterus, and vagina, widening of pelvis
What is a ZYGOTE
It is a cell that is formed once the male and female gametes join together
What is the baby connected to the percent by
Baby is connected to the percent by the umbilical cord
What does the baby sit in/growing that keeps it safe
In a bag called the amnion Which is filled with watery liquid called the amniotic fluid
What can reduce sperm production And menstrual cycle health
A diet that is lacking nutrients, alcohol, smoking tobacco and non-medical drugs
What can a diet that is lacking nutrients caused
Reduce sperm production, stop the menstrual cycle, and Slow growth, producing small babies
What can sexually transmitted diseases do to females and males
They can make females and fragile and and cause males to reduce the action of sperm and reduce the chances of fertilization
What can tuberculosis do to reproduction in humans
They can block tubes caring spam and males and make females in fairytale tuberculosis can also kill babies in the mothers stomach
What Camille are you due to the fetus
It can slow the growth and kill it
What can rubella do to the fetus
It can cause nerve and heart damage, leading to buy Ness and deafness and babies, STDs can cause blindness, deafness and liver damage to babies
