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BIOL 2113 > Chapter 8 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

large, cup-shaped cavity located on the lateral side of the hip bone; formed by the junction of the ilium, pubis, and ischium portions of the hip bone

A

acetabulum

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2
Q

lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula

A

acromial end of the clavicle

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3
Q

acromion of the scapula

A

acromial process

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4
Q

articulation between the acromion of the scapula and the acromial end of the clavicle

A

acromioclavicular joint

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5
Q

flattened bony process that extends laterally from the scapular spine to form the bony tip of the shoulder

A

acromion

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6
Q

small, bony bump located on the superior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the femur

A

adductor tubercle

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7
Q

line on the humerus located around the outside margin of the humeral head

A

anatomical neck

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8
Q

joint that separates the leg and foot portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the talus bone of the foot inferiorly, and the distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia, and lateral malleolus of the fibula superiorly

A

ankle joint

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9
Q

narrow, anterior margin of the tibia that extends inferiorly from the tibial tuberosity

A

anterior border of the tibia

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10
Q

small, bony projection located on the anterior margin of the ilium, below the anterior superior iliac spine

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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11
Q

strong ligament between the sacrum and the ilium portions of the hip bone that supports the anterior side of the sacroiliac joint

A

anterior sacroiliac ligament

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12
Q

rounded, anterior end of the iliac crest

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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13
Q

enlarged ridge of ectoderm at the distal end of a limb bud that stimulates growth and elongation of the limb

A

apical ectodermal ridge

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14
Q

smooth ridge located at the inferior margin of the iliac fossa; forms the lateral portion of the pelvic brim

A

arcuate line of the ilium

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15
Q

region of the upper limb located between the shoulder and elbow joints; contains the humerus bone

A

arm

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16
Q

roughened area located on the posterior, medial side of the ilium of the hip bone; articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

A

auricular surface of the ilium

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17
Q

expanded, proximal end of each metatarsal bone

A

base of the metatarsal bone

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18
Q

intertubercular groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

A

bicipital groove

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19
Q

heel bone; posterior, inferior tarsal bone that forms the heel of the foot

A

calcaneus

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20
Q

from the lateral side, the third of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the trapezoid laterally, the hamate medially, and primarily with the third metacarpal distally

A

capitate

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21
Q

knob-like bony structure located anteriorly on the lateral, distal end of the humerus

A

capitulum

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22
Q

one of the eight small bones that form the wrist and base of the hand; these are grouped as a proximal row consisting of (from lateral to medial) the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones, and a distal row containing (from lateral to medial) the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones

A

carpal bone

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23
Q

passageway between the anterior forearm and hand formed by the carpal bones and flexor retinaculum

A

carpal tunnel

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24
Q

articulation between one of the carpal bones in the distal row and a metacarpal bone of the hand

A

carpometacarpal joint

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25
Q

collarbone; elongated bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum medially and the acromion of the scapula laterally

A

clavicle

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26
Q

strong band of connective tissue that anchors the coracoid process of the scapula to the lateral clavicle; provides important indirect support for the acromioclavicular joint

A

coracoclavicular ligament

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27
Q

short, hook-like process that projects anteriorly and laterally from the superior margin of the scapula

A

coracoid process

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28
Q

depression on the anterior surface of the humerus above the trochlea; this space receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is maximally flexed

A

coronoid fossa

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29
Q

projecting bony lip located on the anterior, proximal ulna; forms the inferior margin of the trochlear notch

A

coronoid process of the ulna

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30
Q

band of connective tissue that unites the medial clavicle with the first rib

A

costoclavicular ligament

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31
Q

hip bone

A

coxal bone

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32
Q

tarsal bone that articulates posteriorly with the calcaneus bone, medially with the lateral cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones

A

cuboid

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33
Q

roughened, V-shaped region located laterally on the mid-shaft of the humerus

A

deltoid tuberosity

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34
Q

articulation between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius

A

distal radioulnar joint

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35
Q

articulation between the distal fibula and the fibular notch of the tibia

A

distal tibiofibular joint

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36
Q

joint located between the upper arm and forearm regions of the upper limb; formed by the articulations between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius

A

elbow joint

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37
Q

thigh bone; the single bone of the thigh

A

femur

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38
Q

thin, non-weight-bearing bone found on the lateral side of the leg

A

fibula

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39
Q

wide groove on the lateral side of the distal tibia for articulation with the fibula at the distal tibiofibular joint

A

fibular notch

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40
Q

strong band of connective tissue at the anterior wrist that spans the top of the U-shaped grouping of the carpal bones to form the roof of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

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41
Q

portion of the lower limb located distal to the ankle joint

A

foot

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42
Q

region of the upper limb located between the elbow and wrist joints; contains the radius and ulna bones

A

forearm

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43
Q

(plural = fossae) shallow depression on the surface of a bone

A

fossa

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44
Q

minor indentation on the head of the femur that serves as the site of attachment for the ligament to the head of the femur

A

fovea capitis

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45
Q

shoulder joint; formed by the articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus

A

glenohumeral joint

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46
Q

(also, glenoid fossa) shallow depression located on the lateral scapula, between the superior and lateral borders

A

glenoid cavity

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47
Q

roughened area on the posterior side of the proximal femur, extending inferiorly from the base of the greater trochanter

A

gluteal tuberosity

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48
Q

(also, greater pelvic cavity or false pelvis) broad space above the pelvic brim defined laterally by the fan-like portion of the upper ilium

A

greater pelvis

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49
Q

pelvic opening formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrum, and the sacrospinous ligament

A

greater sciatic foramen

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50
Q

large, U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the ilium, superior to the ischial spine

A

greater sciatic notch

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51
Q

large, bony expansion of the femur that projects superiorly from the base of the femoral neck

A

greater trochanter

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52
Q

enlarged prominence located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus

A

greater tubercle

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53
Q

big toe; digit 1 of the foot

A

hallux

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54
Q

from the lateral side, the fourth of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the lunate and triquetrum proximally, the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally, and the capitate laterally

A

hamate

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55
Q

region of the upper limb distal to the wrist joint

A

hand

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56
Q

rounded, proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint

A

head of the femur

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57
Q

small, knob-like, proximal end of the fibula; articulates with the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia

A

head of the fibula

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58
Q

smooth, rounded region on the medial side of the proximal humerus; articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

head of the humerus

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59
Q

expanded, distal end of each metatarsal bone

A

head of the metatarsal bone

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60
Q

disc-shaped structure that forms the proximal end of the radius; articulates with the capitulum of the humerus as part of the elbow joint, and with the radial notch of the ulna as part of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

head of the radius

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61
Q

small, rounded distal end of the ulna; articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius, forming the distal radioulnar joint

A

head of the ulna

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62
Q

coxal bone; single bone that forms the pelvic girdle; consists of three areas, the ilium, ischium, and pubis

A

hip bone

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63
Q

joint located at the proximal end of the lower limb; formed by the articulation between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur

A

hip joint

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64
Q

bony extension located on the anterior side of the hamate carpal bone

A

hook of the hamate bone

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65
Q

single bone of the upper arm

A

humerus

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66
Q

curved, superior margin of the ilium

A

iliac crest

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67
Q

shallow depression found on the anterior and medial surfaces of the upper ilium

A

iliac fossa

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68
Q

superior portion of the hip bone

A

ilium

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69
Q

inferior corner of the scapula located where the medial and lateral borders meet

A

inferior angle of the scapula

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70
Q

narrow segment of bone that passes inferiorly and laterally from the pubic body; joins with the ischial ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus

A

inferior pubic ramus

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71
Q

small bump or roughened area located on the lateral border of the scapula, near the inferior margin of the glenoid cavity

A

infraglenoid tubercle

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72
Q

broad depression located on the posterior scapula, inferior to the spine

A

infraspinous fossa

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73
Q

irregular elevation on the superior end of the tibia, between the articulating surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles

A

intercondylar eminence

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74
Q

deep depression on the posterior side of the distal femur that separates the medial and lateral condyles

A

intercondylar fossa

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75
Q

middle of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the medial cuneiform bone, laterally with the lateral cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the second metatarsal bone

A

intermediate cuneiform

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76
Q

small ridge running down the medial side of the fibular shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the fibula and tibia

A

interosseous border of the fibula

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77
Q

narrow ridge located on the medial side of the radial shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius bones

A

interosseous border of the radius

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78
Q

small ridge running down the lateral side of the tibial shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula

A

interosseous border of the tibia

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79
Q

narrow ridge located on the lateral side of the ulnar shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius

A

interosseous border of the ulna

80
Q

sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the radius and ulna bones

A

interosseous membrane of the forearm

81
Q

sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the shafts of the tibia and fibula bones

A

interosseous membrane of the leg

82
Q

articulation between adjacent phalanx bones of the hand or foot digits

A

interphalangeal joint

83
Q

short, prominent ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the posterior side of the proximal femur

A

intertrochanteric crest

84
Q

small ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior side of the proximal femur

A

intertrochanteric line

85
Q

bicipital groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

A

intertubercular groove (sulcus)

86
Q

bony extension projecting anteriorly and superiorly from the ischial tuberosity; joins with the inferior pubic ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus

A

ischial ramus

87
Q

pointed, bony projection from the posterior margin of the ischium that separates the greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch

A

ischial spine

88
Q

large, roughened protuberance that forms the posteroinferior portion of the hip bone; weight-bearing region of the pelvis when sitting

A

ischial tuberosity

89
Q

narrow extension of bone that connects the ischial tuberosity to the pubic body; formed by the junction of the ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus

A

ischiopubic ramus

90
Q

posteroinferior portion of the hip bone

A

ischium

91
Q

joint that separates the thigh and leg portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

A

knee joint

92
Q

diagonally oriented lateral margin of the scapula

A

lateral border of the scapula

93
Q

smooth, articulating surface that forms the distal and posterior sides of the lateral expansion of the distal femur

A

lateral condyle of the femur

94
Q

lateral, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint

A

lateral condyle of the tibia

95
Q

most lateral of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the intermediate cuneiform bone, laterally with the cuboid bone, and anteriorly with the third metatarsal bone

A

lateral cuneiform

96
Q

roughened area of the femur located on the lateral side of the lateral condyle

A

lateral epicondyle of the femur

97
Q

small projection located on the lateral side of the distal humerus

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

98
Q

expanded distal end of the fibula

A

lateral malleolus

99
Q

narrow, bony ridge located along the lateral side of the distal humerus, superior to the lateral epicondyle

A

lateral supracondylar ridge

100
Q

portion of the lower limb located between the knee and ankle joints

A

leg

101
Q

(also, lesser pelvic cavity or true pelvis) narrow space located within the pelvis, defined superiorly by the pelvic brim (pelvic inlet) and inferiorly by the pelvic outlet

A

lesser pelvis

102
Q

pelvic opening formed by the lesser sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrospinous ligament, and the sacrotuberous ligament

A

lesser sciatic foramen

103
Q

shallow indentation along the posterior margin of the ischium, inferior to the ischial spine

A

lesser sciatic notch

104
Q

small, bony projection on the medial side of the proximal femur, at the base of the femoral neck

A

lesser trochanter

105
Q

small, bony prominence located on anterior side of the proximal humerus

A

lesser tubercle

106
Q

ligament that spans the acetabulum of the hip bone and the fovea capitis of the femoral head

A

ligament of the head of the femur

107
Q

small elevation that appears on the lateral side of the embryo during the fourth or fifth week of development, which gives rise to an upper or lower limb

A

limb bud

108
Q

longitudinally running bony ridge located in the middle third of the posterior femur

A

linea aspera

109
Q

from the lateral side, the second of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the radius proximally, the capitate and hamate distally, the scaphoid laterally, and the triquetrum medially

A

lunate

110
Q

elongated, medial margin of the scapula

A

medial border of the scapula

111
Q

smooth, articulating surface that forms the distal and posterior sides of the medial expansion of the distal femur

A

medial condyle of the femur

112
Q

medial, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the medial condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint

A

medial condyle of the tibia

113
Q

most medial of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, laterally with the intermediate cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the first and second metatarsal bones

A

medial cuneiform

114
Q

roughened area of the distal femur located on the medial side of the medial condyle

A

medial epicondyle of the femur

115
Q

enlarged projection located on the medial side of the distal humerus

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

116
Q

bony expansion located on the medial side of the distal tibia

A

medial malleolus

117
Q

one of the five long bones that form the palm of the hand; numbered 1–5, starting on the lateral (thumb) side of the hand

A

metacarpal bone

118
Q

articulation between the distal end of a metacarpal bone of the hand and a proximal phalanx bone of the thumb or a finger

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

119
Q

one of the five elongated bones that forms the anterior half of the foot; numbered 1–5, starting on the medial side of the foot

A

metatarsal bone

120
Q

articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe

A

metatarsophalangeal joint

121
Q

articulation between the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones; contributes to movements of the hand at the wrist

A

midcarpal joint

122
Q

tarsal bone that articulates posteriorly with the talus bone, laterally with the cuboid bone, and anteriorly with the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones

A

navicular

123
Q

narrowed region located inferior to the head of the femur

A

neck of the femur

124
Q

narrowed region immediately distal to the head of the radius

A

neck of the radius

125
Q

large opening located in the anterior hip bone, between the pubis and ischium regions

A

obturator foramen

126
Q

large depression located on the posterior side of the distal humerus; this space receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the elbow is fully extended

A

olecranon fossa

127
Q

expanded posterior and superior portions of the proximal ulna; forms the bony tip of the elbow

A

olecranon process

128
Q

kneecap; the largest sesamoid bone of the body; articulates with the distal femur

A

patella

129
Q

smooth groove located on the anterior side of the distal femur, between the medial and lateral condyles; site of articulation for the patella

A

patellar surface

130
Q

narrow ridge located on the superior surface of the superior pubic ramus

A

pectineal line

131
Q

shoulder girdle; the set of bones, consisting of the scapula and clavicle, which attaches each upper limb to the axial skeleton

A

pectoral girdle

132
Q

pelvic inlet; the dividing line between the greater and lesser pelvic regions; formed by the superior margin of the pubic symphysis, the pectineal lines of each pubis, the arcuate lines of each ilium, and the sacral promontory

A

pelvic brim

133
Q

pelvic girdlehip girdle; consists of a single hip bone, which attaches a lower limb to the sacrum of the axial skeleton

A

pelvic girdle

134
Q

pelvic brim

A

pelvic inlet

135
Q

inferior opening of the lesser pelvis; formed by the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis, right and left ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligaments, and the tip of the coccyx

A

pelvic outlet

136
Q

ring of bone consisting of the right and left hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx

A

pelvis

137
Q

(plural = phalanges) one of the 14 bones that form the toes; these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the big toe, and the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of toes two through five

A

phalanx bone of the foot

138
Q

(plural = phalanges) one of the 14 bones that form the thumb and fingers; these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb, and the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of the fingers two through five

A

phalanx bone of the hand

139
Q

from the lateral side, the fourth of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum

A

pisiform

140
Q

(also, thumb) digit 1 of the hand

A

pollex

141
Q

small, bony projection located at the inferior margin of the auricular surface on the posterior ilium

A

posterior inferior iliac spine

142
Q

strong ligament spanning the sacrum and ilium of the hip bone that supports the posterior side of the sacroiliac joint

A

posterior sacroiliac ligament

143
Q

rounded, posterior end of the iliac crest

A

posterior superior iliac spine

144
Q

articulation formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius

A

proximal radioulnar joint

145
Q

articulation between the head of the fibula and the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia

A

proximal tibiofibular joint

146
Q

bony structure formed by the pubic symphysis, and the bodies and inferior pubic rami of the right and left pubic bones

A

pubic arch

147
Q

enlarged, medial portion of the pubis region of the hip bone

A

pubic body

148
Q

joint formed by the articulation between the pubic bodies of the right and left hip bones

A

pubic symphysis

149
Q

small bump located on the superior aspect of the pubic body

A

pubic tubercle

150
Q

anterior portion of the hip bone

A

pubis

151
Q

small depression located on the anterior humerus above the capitulum; this space receives the head of the radius when the elbow is maximally flexed

A

radial fossa

152
Q

small, smooth area on the lateral side of the proximal ulna; articulates with the head of the radius as part of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

radial notch of the ulna

153
Q

oval-shaped, roughened protuberance located on the medial side of the proximal radius

A

radial tuberosity

154
Q

wrist joint, located between the forearm and hand regions of the upper limb; articulation formed proximally by the distal end of the radius and the fibrocartilaginous pad that unites the distal radius and ulna bone, and distally by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum carpal bones

A

radiocarpal joint

155
Q

bone located on the lateral side of the forearm

A

radius

156
Q

joint formed by the articulation between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium

A

sacroiliac joint

157
Q

ligament that spans the sacrum to the ischial spine of the hip bone

A

sacrospinous ligament

158
Q

ligament that spans the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

A

sacrotuberous ligament

159
Q

from the lateral side, the first of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the radius proximally, the trapezoid, trapezium, and capitate distally, and the lunate medially

A

scaphoid

160
Q

shoulder blade bone located on the posterior side of the shoulder

A

scapula

161
Q

cylindrically shaped region that forms the central portion of the femur

A

shaft of the femur

162
Q

elongated, slender portion located between the expanded ends of the fibula

A

shaft of the fibula

163
Q

narrow, elongated, central region of the humerus

A

shaft of the humerus

164
Q

narrow, elongated, central region of the radius

A

shaft of the radius

165
Q

triangular-shaped, central portion of the tibia

A

shaft of the tibia

166
Q

narrow, elongated, central region of the ulna

A

shaft of the ulna

167
Q

small, diagonally running ridge located on the posterior side of the proximal tibia

A

soleal line

168
Q

prominent ridge passing mediolaterally across the upper portion of the posterior scapular surface

A

spine of the scapula

169
Q

medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

A

sternal end of the clavicle

170
Q

articulation between the manubrium of the sternum and the sternal end of the clavicle; forms the only bony attachment between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton

A

sternoclavicular joint

171
Q

pointed projection located on the lateral end of the distal radius

A

styloid process of the radius

172
Q

short, bony projection located on the medial end of the distal ulna

A

styloid process of the ulna

173
Q

inverted V-shape formed by the convergence of the right and left ischiopubic rami; this angle is greater than 80 degrees in females and less than 70 degrees in males

A

subpubic angle

174
Q

broad depression located on the anterior (deep) surface of the scapula

A

subscapular fossa

175
Q

corner of the scapula between the superior and medial borders of the scapula

A

superior angle of the scapula

176
Q

superior margin of the scapula

A

superior border of the scapula

177
Q

narrow segment of bone that passes laterally from the pubic body to join the ilium

A

superior pubic ramus

178
Q

small bump located at the superior margin of the glenoid cavity

A

supraglenoid tubercle

179
Q

small notch located along the superior border of the scapula, medial to the coracoid process

A

suprascapular notch

180
Q

narrow depression located on the posterior scapula, superior to the spine

A

supraspinous fossa

181
Q

region of the humerus where the expanded, proximal end joins with the narrower shaft

A

surgical neck

182
Q

bony ledge extending from the medial side of the calcaneus bone

A

sustentaculum tali

183
Q

tarsal bone that articulates superiorly with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint; also articulates inferiorly with the calcaneus bone and anteriorly with the navicular bone

A

talus

184
Q

one of the seven bones that make up the posterior foot; includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform bones

A

tarsal bone

185
Q

portion of the lower limb located between the hip and knee joints

A

thigh

186
Q

shin bone; the large, weight-bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg

A

tibia

187
Q

elevated area on the anterior surface of the proximal tibia

A

tibial tuberosity

188
Q

from the lateral side, the first of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid proximally, the first and second metacarpals distally, and the trapezoid medially

A

trapezium

189
Q

from the lateral side, the second of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid proximally, the second metacarpal distally, the trapezium laterally, and the capitate medially

A

trapezoid

190
Q

from the lateral side, the third of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the lunate laterally, the hamate distally, and has a facet for the pisiform

A

triquetrum

191
Q

pulley-shaped region located medially at the distal end of the humerus; articulates at the elbow with the trochlear notch of the ulna

A

trochlea

192
Q

large, C-shaped depression located on the anterior side of the proximal ulna; articulates at the elbow with the trochlea of the humerus

A

trochlear notch

193
Q

bone located on the medial side of the forearm

A

ulna

194
Q

shallow, smooth area located on the medial side of the distal radius; articulates with the head of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint

A

ulnar notch of the radius

195
Q

roughened area located on the anterior, proximal ulna inferior to the coronoid process

A

ulnar tuberosity

BIOL 2113 (8 decks)

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