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BIOL 2113 > Chapter 7 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

upper border of mandibular body that contains the lower teeth

A

alveolar process of the mandible

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2
Q

curved, inferior margin of the maxilla that supports and anchors the upper teeth

A

alveolar process of the maxilla

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3
Q

rounded corner located at outside margin of the body and ramus junction

A

angle of the mandible

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4
Q

portion of rib with greatest curvature; together, the rib angles form the most posterior extent of the thoracic cage

A

angle of the rib

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5
Q

one of the series of paired openings located on the anterior (ventral) side of the sacrum

A

anterior (ventral) sacral foramen

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6
Q

anterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebra

A

anterior arch

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7
Q

shallowest and most anterior cranial fossa of the cranial base that extends from the frontal bone to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

A

anterior cranial fossa

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8
Q

ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior aspects of the vertebral bodies

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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9
Q

tough, fibrous outer portion of an intervertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae

A

anulus fibrosus

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10
Q

all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton

A

appendicular skeleton

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11
Q

smooth ridge located on the inferior skull, immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa

A

articular tubercle

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12
Q

first cervical (C1) vertebra

A

atlas

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13
Q

central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

A

axial skeleton

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14
Q

second cervical (C2) vertebra

A

axis

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15
Q

shaft portion of a rib

A

body of the rib

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16
Q

portion of the skull that contains and protects the brain, consisting of the eight bones that form the cranial base and rounded upper skull

A

brain case

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17
Q

(also, skullcap) rounded top of the skull

A

calvaria

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18
Q

zig-zag tunnel providing passage through the base of the skull for the internal carotid artery to the brain; begins anteromedial to the styloid process and terminates in the middle cranial cavity, near the posterior-lateral base of the sella turcica

A

carotid canal

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19
Q

posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column

A

cervical curve

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20
Q

seven vertebrae numbered as C1–C7 that are located in the neck region of the vertebral column

A

cervical vertebrae

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21
Q

paired notches located on the superior-lateral sides of the sternal manubrium, for articulation with the clavicle

A

clavicular notch

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22
Q

small bone located at inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae; also referred to as the “tailbone”

A

coccyx

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23
Q

thickened upward projection from posterior margin of mandibular ramus

A

condylar process of the mandible

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24
Q

oval-shaped process located at the top of the condylar process of the mandible

A

condyle

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25
Q

joint that unites the frontal bone to the right and left parietal bones across the top of the skull

A

coronal suture

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26
Q

flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus

A

coronoid process of the mandible

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27
Q

hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum

A

costal cartilage

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28
Q

site on the lateral sides of a thoracic vertebra for articulation with the head of a rib

A

costal facet

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29
Q

shallow groove along the inferior margin of a rib that provides passage for blood vessels and a nerve

A

costal groove

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30
Q

interior space of the skull that houses the brain

A

cranial cavity

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31
Q

skull

A

cranium

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32
Q

small, flattened areas with numerous small openings, located to either side of the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone

A

cribriform plate

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33
Q

small upward projection located at the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone

A

crista galli

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34
Q

bony projection (odontoid process) that extends upward from the body of the C2 (axis) vertebra

A

dens

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35
Q

three small bones located in the middle ear cavity that serve to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear

A

ear ossicles

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36
Q

one of several small, air-filled spaces located within the lateral sides of the ethmoid bone, between the orbit and upper nasal cavity

A

ethmoid air cell

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37
Q

unpaired bone that forms the roof and upper, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, portions of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and medial wall of orbit, and the upper portion of the nasal septum

A

ethmoid bone

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38
Q

ear canal opening located on the lateral side of the skull

A

external acoustic meatus

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39
Q

small bump located at the midline on the posterior skull

A

external occipital protuberance

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40
Q

small, flattened area on a bone for an articulation (joint) with another bone, or for muscle attachment

A

facet

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41
Q

fourteen bones that support the facial structures and form the upper and lower jaws and the hard palate

A

facial bones

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42
Q

vertebrochondral ribs 8–12 whose costal cartilage either attaches indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the next higher rib or does not attach to the sternum at all

A

false ribs

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43
Q

vertebral ribs 11–12 that do not attach to the sternum or to the costal cartilage of another rib

A

floating ribs

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44
Q

expanded area of fibrous connective tissue that separates the brain case bones of the skull prior to birth and during the first year after birth

A

fontanelle

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45
Q

irregular opening in the base of the skull, located inferior to the exit of carotid canal

A

foramen lacerum

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46
Q

large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium

A

foramen magnum

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47
Q

oval-shaped opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa

A

foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa

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48
Q

round opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale

A

foramen rotundum

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49
Q

small opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located lateral to the foramen ovale

A

foramen spinosum

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50
Q

unpaired bone that forms forehead, roof of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal bone

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51
Q

air-filled space within the frontal bone; most anterior of the paranasal sinuses

A

frontal sinus

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52
Q

slight depression of frontal bone, located at the midline between the eyebrows

A

glabella

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53
Q

lateral projections of the sphenoid bone that form the anterior wall of the middle cranial fossa and an area of the lateral skull

A

greater wings of sphenoid bone

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54
Q

bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity, formed by the palatine process of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bones

A

hard palate

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55
Q

posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae

A

head of the rib

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56
Q

medial extension from the palatine bone that forms the posterior quarter of the hard palate

A

horizontal plate

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57
Q

small, U-shaped bone located in upper neck that does not contact any other bone

A

hyoid bone

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58
Q

paired openings that pass anteriorly from the anterior-lateral margins of the foramen magnum deep to the occipital condyles

A

hypoglossal canal

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59
Q

shallow depression on top of the sella turcica that houses the pituitary (hypophyseal) gland

A

hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

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60
Q

bony process that extends downward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the superior articular process of the next lower vertebra

A

inferior articular process

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61
Q

one of the paired bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity to form the largest and most inferior of the nasal conchae

A

inferior nasal concha

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62
Q

opening located on anterior skull, below the orbit

A

infraorbital foramen

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63
Q

space on lateral side of skull, below the level of the zygomatic arch and deep (medial) to the ramus of the mandible

A

infratemporal fossa

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64
Q

opening into petrous ridge, located on the lateral wall of the posterior cranial fossa

A

internal acoustic meatus

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65
Q

structure located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae that strongly joins the vertebrae; provides padding, weight bearing ability, and enables vertebral column movements

A

intervertebral disc

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66
Q

opening located between adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve

A

intervertebral foramen

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67
Q

shallow notch located on superior surface of sternal manubrium

A

jugular (suprasternal) notch

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68
Q

irregularly shaped opening located in the lateral floor of the posterior cranial cavity

A

jugular foramen

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69
Q

(also, humpback or hunchback) excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region

A

kyphosis

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70
Q

paired bones that contribute to the anterior-medial wall of each orbit

A

lacrimal bone

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71
Q

shallow depression in the anterior-medial wall of the orbit, formed by the lacrimal bone that gives rise to the nasolacrimal canal

A

lacrimal fossa

72
Q

inverted V-shaped joint that unites the occipital bone to the right and left parietal bones on the posterior skull

A

lambdoid suture

73
Q

portion of the vertebral arch on each vertebra that extends between the transverse and spinous process

A

lamina

74
Q

paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull, lateral to the medial pterygoid plate

A

lateral pterygoid plate

75
Q

paired irregular ridges running down the lateral sides of the posterior sacrum that was formed by the fusion of the transverse processes from the five sacral vertebrae

A

lateral sacral crest

76
Q

lateral extensions of the sphenoid bone that form the bony lip separating the anterior and middle cranial fossae

A

lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

77
Q

series of short ligaments that unite the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

A

ligamentum flavum

78
Q

small flap of bone located on the inner (medial) surface of mandibular ramus, next to the mandibular foramen

A

lingula

79
Q

(also, swayback) excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region

A

lordosis

80
Q

posteriorly concave curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column

A

lumbar curve

81
Q

five vertebrae numbered as L1–L5 that are located in lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column

A

lumbar vertebrae

82
Q

unpaired bone that forms the lower jaw bone; the only moveable bone of the skull

A

mandible

83
Q

opening located on the inner (medial) surface of the mandibular ramus

A

mandibular foramen

84
Q

oval depression located on the inferior surface of the skull

A

mandibular fossa

85
Q

large U-shaped notch located between the condylar process and coronoid process of the mandible

A

mandibular notch

86
Q

expanded, superior portion of the sternum

A

manubrium

87
Q

large bony prominence on the inferior, lateral skull, just behind the earlobe

A

mastoid process

88
Q

(also, maxilla) paired bones that form the upper jaw and anterior portion of the hard palate

A

maxillary bone

89
Q

air-filled space located with each maxillary bone; largest of the paranasal sinuses

A

maxillary sinus

90
Q

paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull medial to the lateral pterygoid plate; form the posterior portion of the nasal cavity lateral wall

A

medial pterygoid plate

91
Q

irregular ridge running down the midline of the posterior sacrum that was formed from the fusion of the spinous processes of the five sacral vertebrae

A

median sacral crest

92
Q

opening located on the anterior-lateral side of the mandibular body

A

mental foramen

93
Q

inferior margin of anterior mandible that forms the chin

A

mental protuberance

94
Q

centrally located cranial fossa that extends from the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone to the petrous ridge

A

middle cranial fossa

95
Q

nasal concha formed by the ethmoid bone that is located between the superior and inferior conchae

A

middle nasal concha

96
Q

bony ridge located along the inner (medial) surface of the mandibular body

A

mylohyoid line

97
Q

paired bones that form the base of the nose

A

nasal bone

98
Q

opening through skull for passage of air

A

nasal cavity

99
Q

curved bony plates that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity; include the superior and middle nasal conchae, which are parts of the ethmoid bone, and the independent inferior nasal conchae bone

A

nasal conchae

100
Q

flat, midline structure that divides the nasal cavity into halves, formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, and septal cartilage

A

nasal septum

101
Q

passage for drainage of tears that extends downward from the medial-anterior orbit to the nasal cavity, terminating behind the inferior nasal conchae

A

nasolacrimal canal

102
Q

narrowed region of a rib, next to the rib head

A

neck of the rib

103
Q

rod-like structure along dorsal side of the early embryo; largely disappears during later development but does contribute to formation of the intervertebral discs

A

notochord

104
Q

expanded portion of the supraspinous ligament within the posterior neck; interconnects the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae and attaches to the base of the skull

A

nuchal ligament

105
Q

gel-like central region of an intervertebral disc; provides for padding, weight-bearing, and movement between adjacent vertebrae

A

nucleus pulposus

106
Q

unpaired bone that forms the posterior portions of the brain case and base of the skull

A

occipital bone

107
Q

paired, oval-shaped bony knobs located on the inferior skull, to either side of the foramen magnum

A

occipital condyle

108
Q

opening spanning between middle cranial fossa and posterior orbit

A

optic canal

109
Q

bony socket that contains the eyeball and associated muscles

A

orbit

110
Q

paired bones that form the posterior quarter of the hard palate and a small area in floor of the orbit

A

palatine bone

111
Q

medial projection from the maxilla bone that forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate

A

palatine process

112
Q

cavities within the skull that are connected to the conchae that serve to warm and humidify incoming air, produce mucus, and lighten the weight of the skull; consist of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses

A

paranasal sinuses

113
Q

paired bones that form the upper, lateral sides of the skull

A

parietal bone

114
Q

portion of the vertebral arch that extends from the vertebral body to the transverse process

A

pedicle

115
Q

downward, midline extension of the ethmoid bone that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

116
Q

petrous portion of the temporal bone that forms a large, triangular ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity, separating the middle and posterior cranial fossae; houses the middle and inner ear structures

A

petrous ridge

117
Q

one of the series of paired openings located on the posterior (dorsal) side of the sacrum

A

posterior (dorsal) sacral foramen

118
Q

posterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebra

A

posterior arch

119
Q

deepest and most posterior cranial fossa; extends from the petrous ridge to the occipital bone

A

posterior cranial fossa

120
Q

ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the posterior sides of the vertebral bodies

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

121
Q

anteriorly concave curvatures of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal regions that are retained from the original fetal curvature of the vertebral column

A

primary curve

122
Q

H-shaped suture junction region that unites the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones on the lateral side of the skull

A

pterion

123
Q

vertical portion of the mandible

A

ramus of the mandible

124
Q

thin, curved bones of the chest wall

A

ribs

125
Q

bony tunnel that runs through the sacrum

A

sacral canal

126
Q

series of paired openings for nerve exit located on both the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects of the sacrum

A

sacral foramina

127
Q

inferior opening and termination of the sacral canal

A

sacral hiatus

128
Q

anterior lip of the base (superior end) of the sacrum

A

sacral promontory

129
Q

anteriorly concave curvature formed by the sacrum and coccyx; a primary curve of the vertebral column

A

sacrococcygeal curve

130
Q

single bone located near the inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae; forms the posterior portion of the pelvis

A

sacrum

131
Q

joint that unites the right and left parietal bones at the midline along the top of the skull

A

sagittal suture

132
Q

medial portion of a somite consisting of mesenchyme tissue that will give rise to bone, cartilage, and fibrous connective tissues

A

sclerotome

133
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

A

scoliosis

134
Q

posteriorly concave curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column that develop after the time of birth

A

secondary curve

135
Q

elevated area of sphenoid bone located at midline of the middle cranial fossa

A

sella turcica

136
Q

flat cartilage structure that forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum

A

septal cartilage

137
Q

bones of the body

A

skeleton

138
Q

bony structure that forms the head, face, and jaws, and protects the brain; consists of 22 bones

A

skull

139
Q

one of the paired, repeating blocks of tissue located on either side of the notochord in the early embryo

A

somite

140
Q

unpaired bone that forms the central base of skull

A

sphenoid bone

141
Q

air-filled space located within the sphenoid bone; most posterior of the paranasal sinuses

A

sphenoid sinus

142
Q

unpaired bony process that extends posteriorly from the vertebral arch of a vertebra

A

spinous process

143
Q

joint that unites the parietal bone to the squamous portion of the temporal bone on the lateral side of the skull

A

squamous suture

144
Q

junction line between manubrium and body of the sternum and the site for attachment of the second rib to the sternum

A

sternal angle

145
Q

flattened bone located at the center of the anterior chest

A

sternum

146
Q

downward projecting, elongated bony process located on the inferior aspect of the skull

A

styloid process

147
Q

opening located on inferior skull, between the styloid process and mastoid process

A

stylomastoid foramen

148
Q

bony process that extends upward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the inferior articular process of the next higher vertebra

A

superior articular process

149
Q

paired processes that extend upward from the sacrum to articulate (join) with the inferior articular processes from the L5 vertebra

A

superior articular process of the sacrum

150
Q

smallest and most superiorly located of the nasal conchae; formed by the ethmoid bone

A

superior nasal concha

151
Q

paired bony lines on the posterior skull that extend laterally from the external occipital protuberance

A

superior nuchal line

152
Q

irregularly shaped opening between the middle cranial fossa and the posterior orbit

A

superior orbital fissure

153
Q

opening located on anterior skull, at the superior margin of the orbit

A

supraorbital foramen

154
Q

superior margin of the orbit

A

supraorbital margin

155
Q

ligament that interconnects the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

A

supraspinous ligament

156
Q

junction line at which adjacent bones of the skull are united by fibrous connective tissue

A

suture

157
Q

paired bones that form the lateral, inferior portions of the skull, with squamous, mastoid, and petrous portions

A

temporal bone

158
Q

shallow space on the lateral side of the skull, above the level of the zygomatic arch

A

temporal fossa

159
Q

short extension from the zygomatic bone that forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch

A

temporal process of the zygomatic bone

160
Q

consists of 12 pairs of ribs and sternum

A

thoracic cage

161
Q

anteriorly concave curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region; a primary curve of the vertebral column

A

thoracic curve

162
Q

twelve vertebrae numbered as T1–T12 that are located in the thoracic region (upper back) of the vertebral column

A

thoracic vertebrae

163
Q

opening found only in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

A

transverse foramen

164
Q

paired bony processes that extends laterally from the vertebral arch of a vertebra

A

transverse process

165
Q

vertebrosternal ribs 1–7 that attach via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

A

true ribs

166
Q

small bump on the posterior side of a rib for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

A

tubercle of the rib

167
Q

individual bone in the neck and back regions of the vertebral column

A

vertebra

168
Q

bony passageway within the vertebral column for the spinal cord that is formed by the series of individual vertebral foramina

A

vertebral (spinal) canal

169
Q

bony arch formed by the posterior portion of each vertebra that surrounds and protects the spinal cord

A

vertebral arch

170
Q

entire sequence of bones that extend from the skull to the tailbone

A

vertebral column

171
Q

opening associated with each vertebra defined by the vertebral arch that provides passage for the spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

172
Q

unpaired bone that forms the inferior and posterior portions of the nasal septum

A

vomer bone

173
Q

small process that forms the inferior tip of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

174
Q

elongated, free-standing arch on the lateral skull, formed anteriorly by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and posteriorly by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

zygomatic arch

175
Q

cheekbone; paired bones that contribute to the lateral orbit and anterior zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic bone

176
Q

extension from the temporal bone that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic process of the temporal bone

BIOL 2113 (8 decks)

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