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BIOL 2113 > Chapter 4 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

lipid storage cells

A

adipocytes

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2
Q

specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

A

adipose tissue

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3
Q

mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

A

anchoring junction

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4
Q

that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

A

apical

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5
Q

release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

A

apocrine secretion

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6
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

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7
Q

(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

A

areolar tissue

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8
Q

star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

A

astrocyte

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9
Q

loss of mass and function

A

atrophy

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10
Q

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

A

basal lamina

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11
Q

in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

A

basement membrane

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12
Q

heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously

A

cardiac muscle

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13
Q

point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue

A

cell junction

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14
Q

cells of the cartilage

A

chondrocytes

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15
Q

cells of the cartilage

A

chondrocytes

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16
Q

also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

A

clotting

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17
Q

flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength

A

collagen fiber

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18
Q

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

A

connective tissue

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19
Q

connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

A

connective tissue membrane

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20
Q

connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.

A

connective tissue proper

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21
Q

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

A

cutaneous membrane

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22
Q

connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection

A

dense connective tissue

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23
Q

outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive

A

ectoderm

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24
Q

type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity

A

elastic cartilage

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25
Q

fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size

A

elastic fiber

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26
Q

groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood

A

endocrine gland

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27
Q

innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive

A

endoderm

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28
Q

tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium

A

endothelium

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29
Q

epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue

A

epithelial membrane

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30
Q

type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion

A

epithelial tissue

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31
Q

group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body

A

exocrine gland

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32
Q

most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space

A

fibroblast

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33
Q

tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance

A

fibrocartilage

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34
Q

less active form of fibroblast

A

fibrocyte

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35
Q

specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins

A

fluid connective tissue

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36
Q

allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

A

gap junction

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37
Q

allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

A

gap junction

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38
Q

unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous

A

goblet cell

39
Q

fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

A

ground substance

40
Q

chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability

A

histamine

41
Q

microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function

A

histology

42
Q

release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion

A

holocrine secretion

43
Q

most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance

A

hyaline cartilage

44
Q

response of tissue to injury

A

inflammation

45
Q

(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy

A

lacunae

46
Q

areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane

A

lamina propria

47
Q

(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

A

loose connective tissue

48
Q

extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers

A

matrix

49
Q

release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis

A

merocrine secretion

50
Q

adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived

A

mesenchymal cell

51
Q

embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive

A

mesenchyme

52
Q

middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive

A

mesoderm

53
Q

simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes

A

mesothelium

54
Q

specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord

A

mucous connective tissue

55
Q

group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant

A

mucous gland

56
Q

tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment

A

mucous membrane

57
Q

type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.

A

muscle tissue

58
Q

layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons

A

myelin

59
Q

muscle cells

A

myocyte

60
Q

accidental death of cells and tissues

A

necrosis

61
Q

type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.

A

nervous tissue

62
Q

supportive neural cells

A

neuroglia

63
Q

excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses

A

neuron

64
Q

neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain

A

oligodendrocyte

65
Q

functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ

A

parenchyma

66
Q

condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing

A

primary union

67
Q

tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

68
Q

fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue

A

reticular fiber

69
Q

matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane

A

reticular lamina

70
Q

type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver

A

reticular tissue

71
Q

neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system

A

Schwann cell

72
Q

wound healing facilitated by wound contraction

A

secondary union

73
Q

group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface

A

serous gland

74
Q

type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

A

serous membrane

75
Q

tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs

A

simple columnar epithelium

76
Q

tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

77
Q

tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface

A

simple squamous epithelium

78
Q

usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated

A

skeletal muscle

79
Q

under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber

A

smooth muscle

80
Q

tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts

A

stratified columnar epithelium

81
Q

tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

82
Q

tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion

A

stratified squamous epithelium

83
Q

alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern

A

striation

84
Q

type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue

A

supportive connective tissue

85
Q

connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication

A

synovial membrane

86
Q

forms an impermeable barrier between cells

A

tight junction

87
Q

forms an impermeable barrier between cells

A

tight junction

88
Q

group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

A

tissue

89
Q

thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities

A

tissue membrane

90
Q

embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body

A

totipotent

91
Q

form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine

A

transitional epithelium

92
Q

widening of blood vessels

A

vasodilation

93
Q

process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together

A

wound contraction

BIOL 2113 (8 decks)

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