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BIOL 2113 > Chapter 6 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

A

articular cartilage

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2
Q

where two bone surfaces meet

A

articulation

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3
Q

hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton

A

bone

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4
Q

(singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte’s many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients

A

canaliculi

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5
Q

semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement

A

cartilage

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6
Q

longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal

A

central canal

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7
Q

manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery

A

closed reduction

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8
Q

dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces

A

compact bone

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9
Q

tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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10
Q

layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones

A

diploë

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11
Q

process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

A

endochondral ossification

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12
Q

delicate membranous lining of a bone’s medullary cavity

A

endosteum

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13
Q

completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate

A

epiphyseal line

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14
Q

(also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length

A

epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow

A

epiphysis

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16
Q

collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture

A

external callus

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17
Q

thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs

A

flat bone

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18
Q

broken bone

A

fracture

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19
Q

blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone

A

fracture hematoma

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20
Q

production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones

A

hematopoiesis

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21
Q

opening or depression in a bone

A

hole

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22
Q

opening or depression in a bone

A

hole

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23
Q

condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium

A

hypercalcemia

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24
Q

condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium

A

hypocalcemia

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25
Q

fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone

A

internal callus

26
Q

process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue

A

intramembranous ossification

27
Q

bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces

A

irregular bone

28
Q

(singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte

A

lacunae

29
Q

cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever

A

long bone

30
Q

hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow

A

medullary cavity

31
Q

process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another

A

modeling

32
Q

small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment

A

nutrient foramen

33
Q

surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture

A

open reduction

34
Q

doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries

A

orthopedist

35
Q

bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton

A

osseous tissue

36
Q

(also, osteogenesis) bone formation

A

ossification

37
Q

cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification

A

ossification center

38
Q

cell responsible for forming new bone

A

osteoblast

39
Q

cell responsible for resorbing bone

A

osteoclast

40
Q

primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix

A

osteocyte

41
Q

undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts

A

osteogenic cell

42
Q

uncalcified bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

A

osteoid

43
Q

(also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix

A

osteon

44
Q

disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass; occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages

A

osteoporosis

45
Q

(also, Volkmann’s canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum

A

perforating canal

46
Q

membrane that covers cartilage

A

perichondrium

47
Q

fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments

A

periosteum

48
Q

region, deep in the periosteal collar, where bone development starts during endochondral ossification

A

primary ossification center

49
Q

bone markings where part of the surface sticks out above the rest of the surface, where tendons and ligaments attach

A

projection

50
Q

region of the epiphyseal plate that makes new chondrocytes to replace those that die at the diaphyseal end of the plate and contributes to longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate

A

proliferative zone

51
Q

connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place

A

red marrow

52
Q

process by which osteoclasts resorb old or damaged bone at the same time as and on the same surface where osteoblasts form new bone to replace that which is resorbed

A

remodeling

53
Q

region of the epiphyseal plate that anchors the plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis

A

reserve zone

54
Q

region of bone development in the epiphyses

A

secondary ossification center

55
Q

small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces

A

sesamoid bone

56
Q

cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion

A

short bone

57
Q

organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection

A

skeletal system

58
Q

(also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution

A

spongy bone

59
Q

(singular = trabecula) spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone

A

trabeculae

60
Q

connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored

A

yellow marrow

61
Q

region of the epiphyseal plate closest to the diaphyseal end; functions to connect the epiphyseal plate to the diaphysis

A

zone of calcified matrix

62
Q

region of the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes from the proliferative zone grow and mature and contribute to the longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate

A

zone of maturation and hypertrophy

BIOL 2113 (8 decks)

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