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BIOL 2113 > Chapter 5 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands

A

acne

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2
Q

genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production

A

albinism

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3
Q

active phase of the hair growth cycle

A

anagen

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4
Q

type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions

A

apocrine sweat gland

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5
Q

smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”

A

arrector pili

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6
Q

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

A

basal cell

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7
Q

cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin

A

basal cell carcinoma

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8
Q

sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers

A

bedsore

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9
Q

thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion

A

callus

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10
Q

transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle

A

catagen

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11
Q

type of callus that is named for its shape and the elliptical motion of the abrasive force

A

corn

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12
Q

in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

A

cortex

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13
Q

in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

A

cuticle

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14
Q

(plural = dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis

A

dermal papilla

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15
Q

layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures

A

dermis

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16
Q

structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

A

desmosome

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17
Q

type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

A

eccrine sweat gland

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18
Q

skin condition due to an allergic reaction, which resembles a rash

A

eczema

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19
Q

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

A

elastin fibers

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20
Q

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss

A

eleiden

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21
Q

outermost tissue layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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22
Q

nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle

A

eponychium

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23
Q

outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root

A

external root sheath

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24
Q

superficial burn that injures only the epidermis

A

first-degree burn

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25
Q

superficial burn that injures only the epidermis

A

first-degree burn

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26
Q

burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged

A

fourth-degree burn

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27
Q

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis

A

glassy membrane

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28
Q

keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis

A

hair

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29
Q

structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla

A

hair bulb

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30
Q

cavity or sac from which hair originates

A

hair follicle

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31
Q

layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows

A

hair matrix

32
Q

mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, and nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle

A

hair papilla

33
Q

part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle

A

hair root

34
Q

part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

A

hair shaft

35
Q

connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle

A

hypodermis

36
Q

thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail

A

hyponychium

37
Q

skin and its accessory structures

A

integumentary system

38
Q

innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft

A

internal root sheath

39
Q

type of scar that has layers raised above the skin surface

A

keloid

40
Q

type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails its hard, water-resistant properties

A

keratin

41
Q

cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis

A

keratinocyte

42
Q

granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum

A

keratohyalin

43
Q

specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

A

Langerhans cell

44
Q

basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium

A

lunula

45
Q

in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

A

medulla

46
Q

(also, tactile corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to light touch

A

Meissner corpuscle

47
Q

pigment that determines the color of hair and skin

A

melanin

48
Q

cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin

A

melanocyte

48
Q

type of skin cancer that originates from the melanocytes of the skin

A

melanoma

49
Q

intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis

A

melanosome

50
Q

receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

A

Merkel cell

51
Q

spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body

A

metastasis

52
Q

layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms

A

nail bed

53
Q

main keratinous plate that forms the nail

A

nail body

54
Q

fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called the eponychium

A

nail cuticle

55
Q

fold of epithelium at that extend over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place

A

nail fold

56
Q

part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows

A

nail root

57
Q

(also, lamellated corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle

58
Q

superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue

A

papillary layer

59
Q

deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

A

reticular layer

60
Q

disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the weakening of bones

A

rickets

61
Q

collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing that is different from normal skin

A

scar

62
Q

type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum

A

sebaceous gland

63
Q

oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair

A

sebum

64
Q

partial-thickness burn that injures the epidermis and a portion of the dermis

A

second-degree burn

65
Q

type of skin cancer that originates from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

A

squamous cell carcinoma

66
Q

deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

A

stratum basale

67
Q

most superficial layer of the epidermis

A

stratum corneum

68
Q

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

A

stratum granulosum

69
Q

layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits

A

stratum lucidum

70
Q

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

71
Q

sweat gland

A

sudoriferous gland

71
Q

mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

A

stretch mark

72
Q

resting phase of the hair growth cycle initiated with catagen and terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth

A

telogen

73
Q

burn that penetrates and destroys the full thickness of the skin (epidermis and dermis)

A

third-degree burn

74
Q

compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health

A

vitamin D

75
Q

skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches

A

vitiligo

BIOL 2113 (8 decks)

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