Chapter 8: Hunger, Eating, & Health Flashcards
Describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal; the process of activating and directing behavior.
Motivation.
This is when intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given.
Over justification effect.
An important contributor to early research into motivation, often referred to as the father of psychology in the United States.
William James.
It is a species-specific pattern of behavior that is not learned.
Instinct.
The theory that states that deviations from homeostasis create psychological needs.
Drive theory of motivation.
It is a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.
Habit.
Bored and seeking of stimulation.
Underaroused.
In this state, we engage in behaviors to reduce our arousal.
Overaroused.
This states that a simple task is performed best when arousal levels are relatively high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are lower.
Yerkes-Dodson law.
It is an individual’s belief in their capability to complete a task, which may include a previous successful completion of the exact task or a similar task.
Self-efficacy.
Refers to the needs for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy.
Social motives.
This measures the physiological arousal of an individual responding to a series of questions.
Polygraph (lie detector test).
A physiological state of equilibrium or balance.
Homeostasis.
A value that is defended by regulatory systems, such as core temperature or a particular body weight.
Set point.
An animal that can use internal methods, such as perspiration or shivering, to maintain body temperature.
Endotherm.
An animal that relies on external methods, such as moving into the sun or shade, for maintaining body temperature.
Ectotherm.
The temperature set point that humans defend.
37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
A carefully controlled increase in the body’s thermal set point that is often helpful in ridding the body of disease-causing organisms.
Fever.
A chemical produced by bacteria or viruses that contributes to the production of a fever.
Pyrogen.
A life-threatening condition in which core body temperature increases beyond normal limits in an uncontrolled manner.
Hyperthermia (heat stroke).
A potentially fatal core body temperature below 31 degrees Celsius (87.8 degrees Fahrenheit).
Hypothermia.
Feelings of satisfaction/fullness.
Satiation.
An adult with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 is considered?
Overweight.
Having a BMI over 40?
Morbid obesity.
A measure comparing height and weight that is used to determine underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity.
Body mass index (BMI).
Three (3) major drawbacks of the BMI system.
- Blindness to sex
- Blindness to skeletal structure
- Blindness to musculature
Three (3) causes of obesity.
- Socioeconomic status
- Physical environment
- Genetics
A type of surgery specifically aimed at weight reduction, and involves modifying the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed.
Bariatric surgery.
A genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism.
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS).
Engaging in binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed.
Bulimia Nervosa.
Vomiting or using laxatives to compensate for the excessive food intake.
Purging.
Characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often very quickly and to the point of discomfort.
Most common eating disorder in the United States.
Binge Eating Disorder.
Eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of a body weight well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.
Anorexia nervosa.
When you view yourself as overweight even though you are not, you have?
Body dysmorphia (distorted body image).
