Chapter 8: Hunger, Eating, & Health

Question 1

Describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal; the process of activating and directing behavior.

Answer 1

Motivation.

Question 2

This is when intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given.

Answer 2

Over justification effect.

Question 3

An important contributor to early research into motivation, often referred to as the father of psychology in the United States.

Answer 3

William James.

Question 4

It is a species-specific pattern of behavior that is not learned.

Answer 4

Instinct.

Question 5

The theory that states that deviations from homeostasis create psychological needs.

Answer 5

Drive theory of motivation.

Question 6

It is a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.

Answer 6

Habit.

Question 7

Bored and seeking of stimulation.

Answer 7

Underaroused.

Question 8

In this state, we engage in behaviors to reduce our arousal.

Answer 8

Overaroused.

Question 9

This states that a simple task is performed best when arousal levels are relatively high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are lower.

Answer 9

Yerkes-Dodson law.

Question 10

It is an individual’s belief in their capability to complete a task, which may include a previous successful completion of the exact task or a similar task.

Answer 10

Self-efficacy.

Question 11

Refers to the needs for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy.

Answer 11

Social motives.

Question 12

This measures the physiological arousal of an individual responding to a series of questions.

Answer 12

Polygraph (lie detector test).

Question 13

A physiological state of equilibrium or balance.

Answer 13

Homeostasis.

Question 14

A value that is defended by regulatory systems, such as core temperature or a particular body weight.

Answer 14

Set point.

Question 15

An animal that can use internal methods, such as perspiration or shivering, to maintain body temperature.

Answer 15

Endotherm.

Question 16

An animal that relies on external methods, such as moving into the sun or shade, for maintaining body temperature.

Answer 16

Ectotherm.

Question 17

The temperature set point that humans defend.

Answer 17

37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).

Question 18

A carefully controlled increase in the body’s thermal set point that is often helpful in ridding the body of disease-causing organisms.

Answer 18

Fever.

Question 19

A chemical produced by bacteria or viruses that contributes to the production of a fever.

Answer 19

Pyrogen.

Question 20

A life-threatening condition in which core body temperature increases beyond normal limits in an uncontrolled manner.

Answer 20

Hyperthermia (heat stroke).

Question 21

A potentially fatal core body temperature below 31 degrees Celsius (87.8 degrees Fahrenheit).

Answer 21

Hypothermia.

Question 22

Feelings of satisfaction/fullness.

Answer 22

Satiation.

Question 23

An adult with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 is considered?

Answer 23

Overweight.

Question 24

Having a BMI over 40?

Answer 24

Morbid obesity.

Question 25

A measure comparing height and weight that is used to determine underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obesity.

Answer 25

Body mass index (BMI).

Question 26

Three (3) major drawbacks of the BMI system.

Answer 26

1. Blindness to sex
2. Blindness to skeletal structure
3. Blindness to musculature

Question 27

Three (3) causes of obesity.

Answer 27

1. Socioeconomic status
2. Physical environment
3. Genetics

Question 28

A type of surgery specifically aimed at weight reduction, and involves modifying the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed.

Answer 28

Bariatric surgery.

Question 29

A genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism.

Answer 29

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS).

Question 30

Engaging in binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed.

Answer 30

Bulimia Nervosa.

Question 31

Vomiting or using laxatives to compensate for the excessive food intake.

Answer 31

Purging.

Question 32

Characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food, often very quickly and to the point of discomfort.

Most common eating disorder in the United States.

Answer 32

Binge Eating Disorder.

Question 33

Eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of a body weight well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.

Answer 33

Anorexia nervosa.

Question 34

When you view yourself as overweight even though you are not, you have?

Answer 34

Body dysmorphia (distorted body image).