Chapter 11: Drug Use & Drug Addiction Flashcards
Drugs that influence subjective experience and behavior by acting on the nervous system.
Psychoactive drugs.
Four (4) ways drugs can be administered.
- Oral ingestion
- Injection
- Inhalation
- Absorption through mucous membranes.
Breakdown products of the body’s chemical reactions.
Metabolites.
Injection; into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin (most common).
Subcutaneously (SC).
Injection; into the large muscles.
Intramuscularly (IM).
Injection; directly into veins, most drug-addicted persons prefer this route, delivers drugs directly to the brain.
Intravenously (IV).
Through the network of capillaries in the lungs; e.g. anesthetics (tobacco).
Inhalation.
With nose, mouth, and rectum; commonly self-administered.
Absorption.
Four (4) mechanisms of drug action.
- Diffuse on neural membranes throughout the CNS (e.g. alcohol).
- Bind to particular synaptic receptors.
- Influence the synthesis, transport, release, or deactivation of certain neurotransmitters.
4 Influence the chain of chemical reactions elicited in postsynaptic neurons by activation of their receptors.
The conversion of a drug from its active form to a non-active form.
Drug metabolism.
A state of decreased sensitivity to a drug that develops as a result of exposure to it.
Drug tolerance.
One drug can produce tolerance to other drugs that act by the same mechanism.
Cross tolerance.
Increasing sensitivity to a drug.
Drug sensitization.
Tolerance that results from a reduction in the amount of a drug getting to its sites of action.
Metabolic tolerance.
Drug tolerance that results from changes that reduce the reactivity of the sites of action to the drug.
Functional tolerance.
The illness brought on by the elimination from the body of a drug on which the person is physically dependent.
Withdrawal syndrome.
Withdrawal syndrome severity depends on three (3) factors, which are?
- Drug in question
- Duration and degree of drug exposure
- Speed the drug is eliminated
Habitual drug users who continue to use a drug despite its adverse effects on their health, social life, and despite their repeated efforts to stop using it.
Drug-addicted individuals.
Major psychoactive ingredient of tobacco.
Nicotine.
The chest pain, labored breathing, wheezing, coughing, and heightened susceptibility to infections of the respiratory tract commonly observed in tobacco smokers.
Smoker’s syndrome.
Chronic inflammation of the bronchioles of the lungs.
Bronchitis.
Loss of elasticity of the lung from chronic irritation.
Emphysema.
An agent that can disturb the normal development of the fetus»_space; increases likelihood of miscarriage, stillbirth, and early death of a child.
Teratogen.
Neuropsychological disorder characterized by memory loss, sensory and motor dysfunction, and, in its advanced stages, severe dementia. Can also be (indirectly caused) by inducing thiamine deficiency.
Korsakoff’s syndrome.
