Chapter 12: Emotions, Stress, & Health

Question 1

James-Lange theory.

Answer 1

Body before thoughts.

Question 2

Cannon-Bard theory.

Answer 2

Body with thoughts.

Question 3

Singer-Schachter / Two-factor theory.

Answer 3

Body plus thoughts/label.

Question 4

Body/brain without conscious thoughts.

Answer 4

Zajonc, LeDoux, Lazarus.

Question 5

States that emotion is our conscious awareness of our physiological responses to stimuli.

Answer 5

James-Lange theory.

Question 6

Asserts that we have a conscious/cognitive experience of an emotion at the same time as our body is responding, not afterward.

Answer 6

Cannon-Bard theory.

Question 7

Suggests that emotions do not exist until we add a label to whatever body sensations we are feeling.

Answer 7

Schachter-Singer / Two-factor theory.

Question 8

States that some emotional reactions, especially fears, likes, and dislikes, develop in a “low road” through the brain, skipping conscious thought.

Answer 8

Zajonc, LeDoux, Lazarus (Emotion without awareness/cognition).

Question 9

If the amygdala is damaged, the emotional consequences are?

Answer 9

Difficulty perceiving negative emotions, particularly fear, expressed by others.

Question 10

If the frontal lobe is damaged, the emotional consequences are?

Answer 10

Reduced fear and anxiety.

Question 11

If the left cerebral hemisphere is damaged, the emotional consequences are?

Answer 11

Depression.

Question 12

If the right cerebral hemisphere is damaged, the emotional consequences are?

Answer 12

Cheerful mood.

Question 13

The physiological arousal felt during various emotions is orchestrated by the?

Answer 13

Sympathetic nervous system.

Question 14

“Approach” emotions such as joy, love, goal-seeking correlate with ____ frontal lobe activity.

Answer 14

Left.

Question 15

“Withdrawal” emotions such as disgust, fear, anger, depression correlate with _____ hemisphere activity.

Answer 15

Right.

Question 16

Carroll Izzard suggested that there are ten (10) basic emotions, which are?

Answer 16

1. Joy
2. Anger
3. Interest
4. Disgust
5. Surprise
6. Sadness
7. Fear
8. Contempt
9. Shame
10. Guilt

Question 17

Refers to the idea that we can reduce anger by “releasing” it, and we do this by acting aggressively.

Answer 17

Catharsis myth.

Question 18

When in a good mood, we do more for others. Doing good feels good.

Answer 18

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

Question 19

Example is when our wealth or other life conditions improve, we are happier compared to our past audition.

Answer 19

Adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 20

Feeling worse off by comparing yourself to people who are doing better.

Answer 20

Relative deprivation.

Question 21

Six (6) common characteristics of happy people.

Answer 21

1. Have high self-esteem.
2. Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable.
3. Have close friendships or a satisfying marriage.
4. Have work and leisure that engage their skills.
5. Have an active religious faith.
6. Sleep well and exercise.

Question 22

Refers to the assumption that negative outcomes will happen, and often facing them by complaining and/or giving up.

Answer 22

Pessimism.

Question 23

The stress hormone that helps our bodies respond to brief stress.

Answer 23

Cortisol.

Question 24

This means reducing the stressors, such as by working out a conflict, or tackling a difficult project.

Answer 24

Problem-focused coping.

Question 25

This means reducing the emotional impact of stress by getting support, comfort, and perspective from others.

Answer 25

Emotion-focused coping.

Question 26

Refers to sustained activity that raises heart rate and oxygen consumption.

Answer 26

Aerobic exercise.

Question 27

A plan to slow down the pace of one’s life, accept imperfection, and renew faith.

Answer 27

Lifestyle modification.

Question 28

Can reduce headaches, high blood pressure, anxiety, insomnia, and improve immune functioning.

Answer 28

Relaxation techniques.

Question 29

Relaxed muscles, lower blood pressure, and slowed heart rate and breathing.

Answer 29

Relaxation response.