Chapter 10: Sleep Flashcards
Describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli.
Consciousness.
A state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness.
Sleep.
Characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior.
Wakefulness.
Internal rhythms of biological activity; a recurring, cyclical pattern of bodily changes.
Biological rhythms.
A biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours.
Circadian rhythm.
The tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system.
Homeostasis.
Hormone important for sleep-wake cycle.
Melatonin.
An endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin.
Pineal gland.
A collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment.
Jet lag.
A person with ____ does not get sufficient sleep on a chronic basis.
Consequences include decreased levels of alertness and mental efficiency.
Sleep debt.
Refers to the fact that a sleep deprived individual will tend to take a shorter time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep.
Sleep rebound.
Sleep can be visualized using?
Electroencephalography (EEG).
Characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids.
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep).
Subdivided into four stages distinguished from each other and from wakefulness by characteristic patterns of brain waves.
Non-REM (NREM) sleep.
Phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep.
Stage 1 sleep.
The body goes into a state of deep relaxation.
Stage 2 sleep.
Often referred to as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep; heart rate and respiration slow down dramatically, much more difficult to awaken someone in these stages of sleep than during earlier stages.
Stage 3 and Stage 4 of sleep.
The actual content, or storyline, of a dream.
Manifest content.
Refers to the hidden meaning of a dream.
Latent content.
Dreams in which certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state.
Person can control the dream’s content.
Lucid dreams.
A consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep.
Insomnia.
Almost always associated with feeling overtired and may be associated with symptoms of depression.
Chronic insomnia.
One a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.
Parasomnias.
The sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from wandering about to driving an automobile.
Sleepwalking / somnambulism.
Occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur.
High levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams.
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
Often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment and results in a sense of panic in the sufferer.
Night terrors.
Defined by episodes during which a sleeper’s breathing stops.
Can last for 10-20 seconds or longer and often are associated with brief periods of arousal.
Sleep apnea.
Occurs when an individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea.
Disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing.
Central sleep apnea.
A device that includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
A syndrome in which an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies; infants younger than 12 months appear to be at highest risk.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
A person with ____ cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times.
Narcolepsy.
