Chapter 10: Sleep

Question 1

Describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli.

Answer 1

Consciousness.

Question 2

A state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness.

Answer 2

Sleep.

Question 3

Characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior.

Answer 3

Wakefulness.

Question 4

Internal rhythms of biological activity; a recurring, cyclical pattern of bodily changes.

Answer 4

Biological rhythms.

Question 5

A biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours.

Answer 5

Circadian rhythm.

Question 6

The tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system.

Answer 6

Homeostasis.

Question 7

Hormone important for sleep-wake cycle.

Answer 7

Melatonin.

Question 8

An endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin.

Answer 8

Pineal gland.

Question 9

A collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment.

Answer 9

Jet lag.

Question 10

A person with ____ does not get sufficient sleep on a chronic basis.

Consequences include decreased levels of alertness and mental efficiency.

Answer 10

Sleep debt.

Question 11

Refers to the fact that a sleep deprived individual will tend to take a shorter time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep.

Answer 11

Sleep rebound.

Question 12

Sleep can be visualized using?

Answer 12

Electroencephalography (EEG).

Question 13

Characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids.

Answer 13

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep).

Question 14

Subdivided into four stages distinguished from each other and from wakefulness by characteristic patterns of brain waves.

Answer 14

Non-REM (NREM) sleep.

Question 15

Phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep.

Answer 15

Stage 1 sleep.

Question 16

The body goes into a state of deep relaxation.

Answer 16

Stage 2 sleep.

Question 17

Often referred to as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep; heart rate and respiration slow down dramatically, much more difficult to awaken someone in these stages of sleep than during earlier stages.

Answer 17

Stage 3 and Stage 4 of sleep.

Question 18

The actual content, or storyline, of a dream.

Answer 18

Manifest content.

Question 19

Refers to the hidden meaning of a dream.

Answer 19

Latent content.

Question 20

Dreams in which certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state.

Person can control the dream’s content.

Answer 20

Lucid dreams.

Question 21

A consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep.

Answer 21

Insomnia.

Question 22

Almost always associated with feeling overtired and may be associated with symptoms of depression.

Answer 22

Chronic insomnia.

Question 23

One a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.

Answer 23

Parasomnias.

Question 24

The sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from wandering about to driving an automobile.

Answer 24

Sleepwalking / somnambulism.

Question 25

Occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur.

High levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams.

Answer 25

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).

Question 26

Often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment and results in a sense of panic in the sufferer.

Answer 26

Night terrors.

Question 27

Defined by episodes during which a sleeper’s breathing stops.

Can last for 10-20 seconds or longer and often are associated with brief periods of arousal.

Answer 27

Sleep apnea.

Question 28

Occurs when an individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Answer 28

Obstructive sleep apnea.

Question 29

Disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing.

Answer 29

Central sleep apnea.

Question 30

A device that includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open.

Answer 30

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Question 31

A syndrome in which an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies; infants younger than 12 months appear to be at highest risk.

Answer 31

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Question 32

A person with ____ cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times.

Answer 32

Narcolepsy.