Chapter 8- Heart And Blood Vessels Flashcards
Each of the following statements accurately describes a feature of arteries EXCEPT which one?
A) Arteries have an endothelial lining that reduces friction and promotes smooth blood flow.
B) Arteries have a smooth muscle layer on the outside, which provides some stiffness.
C) Elastin fibers in arterial walls allow stretching of the arteries.
D) Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow.
E) A tough supportive layer of connective tissue containing collagen is found on the outer surface of arteries.
D) valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow
Which one of the following plays the most significant role in regulating the distribution of blood into tissues?
A) arteries B) veins C) capillaries D) arterioles E) venules
D) arterioles
Fluid that “escapes” from the circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as
A) digestive fluid. B) interstitial fluid. C) formed elements. D) platelets. E) aneurysm.
B) interstitial fluid
Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding arterioles and arteries?
A) Arterioles and arteries transport blood from capillaries to veins.
B) Blood pressure in arterioles is greater than the blood pressure in arteries.
C) Arterioles are smaller and have less smooth muscle than arteries.
D) Arteries do not contain valves, whereas arterioles do.
E) Small sphincter muscles regulate the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles.
C) arterioles are smaller and have less smooth muscle than arteries
All of the following are features of capillaries that promote exchange between blood and interstitial fluid EXCEPT which one?
A) Capillaries lack connective tissue in their walls.
B) Capillary walls consist of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells.
C) Capillary walls have pores within the cells and slits between the cells, making them “leaky.”
D) Capillary walls lack smooth muscle.
E) Capillaries have tiny valves that keep the blood flowing in one direction.
E) capillaries have tiny valves that keep the blood flowing in one direction
Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement?
A) Blood pressure is higher in veins than in arteries since blood must be returned to the heart.
B) Veins are more distensible than arteries.
C) Veins have a smaller lumen than arteries.
D) The walls of veins are made up of two distinct layers of tissues.
E) Veins carry blood to the capillaries of the body.
B) veins are more distensible than arteries
Each of the following mechanisms plays a role in the return of blood to the heart via veins EXCEPT which one?
A) osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood
B) squeezing action of skeletal muscles
C) valves that permit the one-way flow of blood returning to the heart and prevent backflow
D) pressure changes in the abdominal and thoracic cavities associated with breathing
A) osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood
Life-threatening aneurisms are most likely to occur in
A) veins. B) venules. C) capillaries. D) arterioles. E) arteries.
E) arteries
Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of
A) arterioles. B) epicardium. C) arteries. D) capillaries. E) veins.
D) capillaries
Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system?
A) The lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid.
B) Lymph flows from lymph capillaries to larger lymphatic vessels to the heart and lungs.
C) Lymphatic capillaries absorb lipid droplets from plasma.
D) Lymph is excreted from the body.
E) Lymphatic capillaries produce interstitial fluid.
A) the lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid
Fluid in the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is
A) derived from blood plasma.
B) pumped from the left ventricle into lymphatic vessels and then back into the right atrium.
C) composed mostly of formed elements from blood.
D) the liquid portion of fluid escaping from the digestive system.
E) produced by the endothelium to lubricate the interior of vascular tissue.
A) derived from blood plasma
These structures serve as gates that regulate blood flow from arterioles into capillaries.
A) vasoconstrictors B) capillary beds C) precapillary sphincters D) capillary pores E) interstitial gates
C) precapillary sphincters
The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the
A) myocardium. B) pericardium. C) endocardium. D) epicardium. E) reticulocardium.
B) pericardium
The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle
A) must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body.
B) pumps blood more rapidly than the other chambers.
C) pumps blood into the atria.
D) must decrease the amount of pressure on the blood so it can flow more smoothly.
E) receives blood directly from major arteries.
A) must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body
When blood leaves the heart, it first enters
A) capillaries. B) arterioles. C) venules. D) veins. E) arteries.
E) arteries
The atrioventricular valves are closed when the
A) right atrium is contracting. B) P wave of an electrocardiogram appears. C) heart is completely relaxed. D) ventricles contract. E) ventricles are relaxed.
D) ventricles contract
The aortic semilunar valve opens when the
A) arterial pressure is lower than the ventricular pressure. B) right ventricle is in diastole. C) atrioventricular valves open. D) atrium is in systole. E) pulmonary semilunar valve closes.
A) arterial pressure is lower than the ventricular pressure
After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the
A) right ventricle. B) left atrium. C) aorta. D) left ventricle. E) lungs.
A) right ventricle
Which one of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A) pulmonary artery B) aorta C) carotid artery D) pulmonary vein E) iliac vein
D) pulmonary vein
Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the
A) aorta. B) left ventricle. C) aortic semilunar valve. D) pulmonary arteries. E) superior vena cava.
D) pulmonary arteries
