Chapter 10- The Respiratory System

Question 1

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

A) Oxygen is an important source of energy for cells and is used to make glucose.
B) Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.
C) Oxygen must be available to cells in order for them to make the sugars necessary to supply energy for cell functions.
D) Oxygen is used to drive the anaerobic breakdown of sugars for the production of ATP.
E) Oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, which is then used to drive the production of ADP.

Answer 1

B) oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs

Question 2

Ventilation refers to the process by which

A) gases are exchanged between the cells and the lungs.
B) gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.
C) air moves into and out of the lungs.
D) gases are exchanged between the blood and the cells.
E) ATPs are produced.

Answer 2

C) air moves into and out of the lungs

Question 3

All of the following are involved in the process of breathing EXCEPT which one?

A) bones
B) respiratory system
C) circulatory system
D) skeletal muscles
E) nervous system

Answer 3

C) circulatory system

Question 4

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

A) External respiration is done only by some amphibians, which can exchange gases through their skin.
B) External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.
C) External respiration involves gills, whereas internal respiration involves lungs.
D) Internal respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas external respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.
E) External respiration refers to gas exchange, regardless of its location, whereas internal respiration refers to the cellular process that metabolizes glucose and results in the production of ATP.

Answer 4

B) external respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids

Question 5

Which of the following occurs as air is drawn through the nose?

A) Water is removed, and the air becomes drier.
B) Carbon dioxide is removed from the air and replaced with oxygen.
C) Air is mixed with odorants to produce smells.
D) Harmful allergens and other toxic materials such as cigarette smoke and asbestos are removed.
E) Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified.

Answer 5

E) air is warmed, filtered and humidified

Question 6

A little girl was playing in the snow one day and found that she was wiping her nose quite often. The “runny nose” that she was experiencing due to the cold temperatures resulted from

A) an insufficient production of mucus.
B) an inadequate supply of blood to the nasal epithelium.
C) the slowed activity of nasal cilia.
D) a buildup of tears in the nasal septum.
E) the inability of the sinuses to drain.

Answer 6

C) the slowed activity of nasal cilia

Question 7

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the

A) bronchioles.
B) larynx.
C) alveoli.
D) bronchi.
E) sinuses.

Answer 7

B) larynx

Question 8

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

A) pharynx
B) bronchi
C) epiglottis
D) bronchioles
E) larynx

Answer 8

C) epiglottis

Question 9

During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which one of the following structures of the respiratory system?

A) pharynx
B) esophagus
C) larynx
D) bronchi
E) bronchioles

Answer 9

C) larynx

Question 10

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

A) closure of the soft palate
B) cartilage
C) smooth muscle
D) epiglottis
E) skeletal muscle

Answer 10

C) smooth muscle

Question 11

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

A) promote the exchange of nutrients with both lungs.
B) allow gas exchange between the lungs and the blood stream.
C) allow white blood cells and macrophages access to foreign antigens entering the body through air.
D) function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation.
E) serve as a shock absorber for the lungs during body movement.

Answer 11

D) function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation

Question 12

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they

A) warm air to body temperature.
B) contain only smooth muscle.
C) filter and humidify air.
D) can have alveoli attached to them. E) are lined by a ciliated epithelium.

Answer 12

D) can have alveoli attached to them

Question 13

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body.

a. trachea
b. bronchiole
c. pharynx
d. alveoli
e. larynx

A) e, c, b, a, d
B) c, a, e, d, b
C) b, d, a, c, e
D) c, a, e, b, d
E) c, e, a, b, d

Answer 13

E) c, e, a, b, d

Question 14

All of the following are TRUE regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system EXCEPT which one?

A) The production of mucus increases in response to the presence of smoke.
B) Smoking destroys cilia lining the respiratory tract.
C) Particles and debris from the smoke accumulate in the mucus of the airway and increase the risk for infections by pathogens.
D) Antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection.
E) “Smoker’s cough” results from the heavy coughing that is necessary to clear accumulated mucus or particles from the airway.

Answer 14

D) antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection

Question 15

Which of the following structures is the location of gas exchange between the inhaled air and the blood?

A) trachea
B) bronchioles
C) alveoli
D) bronchi
E) pleura

Answer 15

C) alveoli

Question 16

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to

A) flatten the diaphragm.
B) pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases.
C) constrict the lungs so that intrapulmonary pressure increases.
D) separate the layers of pleural membranes.
E) increase blood flow to lung tissue.

Answer 16

B) pull the rib cage up and put, so that lung volume increases

Question 17

Which one of the following muscles separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A) intercostal
B) intracostal
C) cardiac
D) diaphragm
E) spleen

Answer 17

D) diaphragm

Question 18

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

A) expiratory reserve volume.
B) tidal volume.
C) inspiratory reserve volume.
D) dead space volume.
E) vital capacity.

Answer 18

D) dead space volume

Question 19

All of the following are part of an individual’s vital capacity EXCEPT which one?

A) tidal volume
B) inspiratory reserve
C) expiratory reserve
D) residual volume

Answer 19

D) residual volume

Question 20

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

A) initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body.
B) must be maintained higher than atmospheric pressure.
C) must be maintained lower than atmospheric pressure.
D) gradually elevates as air enters the lungs.
E) rapidly elevates.

Answer 20

A) initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body

Question 21

External respiration is the process of

A) transporting gases in the blood stream to target cells.
B) exchanging air in lungs with the surrounding environment.
C) moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue.
D) gas uptake by target cells.
E) carbon dioxide release by cells into the bloodstream.

Answer 21

C) moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue

Question 22

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

A) free carbon dioxide gas
B) oxyhemoglobin
C) soluble bicarbonate ion 
D) bound to hemoglobin 
E) carbon monoxide

Answer 22

C) soluble bicarbonate ion

Question 23

In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen?

A) in a tissue with a low partial pressure of oxygen
B) in a tissue with a neutral pH
C) in a tissue with a high temperature
D) in a tissue with a low pH
E) in a metabolically active tissue (e.g., muscle)

Answer 23

B) in a tissue with a neutral pH

Question 24

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

A) by entering the right atrium and continuing through the aortic arch.
B) via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit.
C) on the left side of the heart following returning from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
D) right to left.
E) only through the coronary arteries.

Answer 24

B) vía the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit

Question 25

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin

A) is found in blood plasma.
B) binds carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.
C) is found in red blood cells.
D) is bound to carbon dioxide.
E) transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells.

Answer 25

D) is bound to carbon dioxide

Question 26

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

A) bicarbonate—carbaminohemoglobin—dissolved in plasma
B) bicarbonate—dissolved in plasma—carbaminohemoglobin
C) dissolved in plasma—bicarbonate—carbaminohemoglobin
D) carbaminohemoglobin—bicarbonate—dissolved in plasma
E) carbaminohemoglobin—dissolved in plasma—bicarbonate

Answer 26

A) bicarbonate-carbaminohemoglobin-dissolved in plasma

Question 27

The respiratory control center is located

A) in the pulmonary veins.
B) in the pulmonary arteries.
C) in the medulla oblongata.
D) in the right lung.
E) throughout the arteries.

Answer 27

C) in the medulla oblongata

Question 28

The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by

A) oxygen levels in the blood.
B) carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
C) a pacemaker in the diaphragm.
D) a pacemaker in the intercostal muscles. 
E) carbon monoxide levels in the blood.

Answer 28

B) carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Question 29

All of the following are involved in the regulation of the rate and depth of breathing EXCEPT which one?

A) carotid and aortic bodies
B) blood levels of CO2
C) blood levels of O2
D) bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
E) medulla oblongata

Answer 29

D) bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Question 30

Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis?

A) amytrophic lateral sclerosis
B) pleurisy
C) cystic fibrosis
D) emphysema
E) botulism

Answer 30

A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 31

All of the following statements are TRUE regarding lung cancer EXCEPT which one?

A) Symptoms include chest pain, chronic cough, and wheezing.
B) One hundred percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke.
C) Lung cancer may be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation.
D) This type of cancer typically takes many years to develop.
E) Problems associated with lung cancer include inadequate exchange of gases in the alveoli and impairment of blood flow in the pulmonary blood vessels.

Answer 31

B) one hundred percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke

Question 32

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration?

A) contraction of the diaphragm
B) reduction in the efficiency of oxygen transport by the blood
C) increase in air pressure in the lungs
D) opening of the trachea
E) downward movement of the ribs

Answer 32

A) contraction of the diaphragm

Question 33

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body causes

A) a simultaneous increase in the amount of oxygen in the body.
B) an increase in the pH of the blood.
C) a decrease in the rate at which impulses are released from the respiratory center.
D) slow, shallow breathing.
E) a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 33

E) a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 34

A condition in which wheezing occurs with breathlessness and a persistent cough, and yields yellowish or greenish phlegm is

A) asthma.
B) bronchitis.
C) lung cancer.
D) lupus.
E) anemia.

Answer 34

B) bronchitis

Question 35

Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?

A) elevated stroke volume
B) paralysis of muscles used for breathing
C) cough yielding green phlegm
D) immune system attack of connective tissue
E) rash

Answer 35

B) paralysis of muscles used for breathing

Question 36

Which of the following is a penetrating wound resulting in collapse of the lung?

A) cystic fibrosis
B) pneumonia
C) mesothelioma
D) congestive heart failure 
E) pneumothorax

Answer 36

E) pneumothorax