Chapter 8 Fluency

Question 1

fluency

Answer 1

term used to describe speech that is effortless in nature

Question 2

disfluency

Answer 2

term used to describe speech that is marked by phrase repetitions, interjections, pauses, and revisions

Question 3

stuttering

Answer 3

most common form of fluency impairment. An unusual amount of tense, within-word disfluencies that interfere with the continuity of speech

Question 4

acquired (or neurogenic) stuttering

Answer 4

stuttering that typically occurs suddenly in adulthood after trauma to the brain

Question 5

cluttering

Answer 5

characterized by very rapid bursts of dysrthythmic, unintelligible speech

Question 6

primary stuttering behaviors

Answer 6

“core behaviors” are the stuttering-like speech disfluencies (ex repetitions, prolongations, and blocks)

Question 7

prolongations

Answer 7

they hold out or prolong a sound for an unusually long period of time

Question 8

secondary stuttering behaviors

Answer 8

counterproductive adaptations that people who stutter make as they try to get through primary stuttering behaviors or trying to avoid them

Question 9

prevalence

Answer 9

percentage of individuals who stutter at any given point in time

Question 10

incidence

Answer 10

the percentage of people who report having stuttered at some point in their lives

Question 11

neural plasticity

Answer 11

the idea that neurological structures and pathways reorganize themselves

Question 12

chronic stuttering

Answer 12

stuttering that continues into adulthood

Question 13

non-stuttering-like disfluencies

Answer 13

phrase repetitions, revisions, and interjections

Question 14

stuttering-like disfluencies

Answer 14

single-syllable word, sound, and syllable repetitions; prolongations and blocks

Question 15

consistency

Answer 15

percentage of stuttered words from the fist to the second repeated of the same passage

Question 16

adaptation

Answer 16

percentage of decrease in stuttering when a passage is read multiple times in succession. the percentage of reduction is calculated for each repeated reading

Question 17

stuttering modification

Answer 17

a therapy approach in which the clinician teaches the client to alter the way he or she stutters

Question 18

fluency shaping

Answer 18

a therapy approach in which the clinician teaches the person who stutters a new way of taking that is designed to reduce the likelihood of stuttering

Question 19

cancellation

Answer 19

speech modification technique in which individuals who stutter are taught to stop as soon as a stuttered word is completed, to pause, and to say the word again in an easy relaxed manner

Question 20

pull-out

Answer 20

a therapy strategy for stuttering in which persons who stutter are taught to ease their way out of repetitions, prolongations, and blocks

Question 21

prepatory set

Answer 21

technique in therapy for stuttering in which persons who stutter ease their way into words they thought they would stutter on