Chapter 8 Fluency Flashcards
fluency
term used to describe speech that is effortless in nature
disfluency
term used to describe speech that is marked by phrase repetitions, interjections, pauses, and revisions
stuttering
most common form of fluency impairment. An unusual amount of tense, within-word disfluencies that interfere with the continuity of speech
acquired (or neurogenic) stuttering
stuttering that typically occurs suddenly in adulthood after trauma to the brain
cluttering
characterized by very rapid bursts of dysrthythmic, unintelligible speech
primary stuttering behaviors
“core behaviors” are the stuttering-like speech disfluencies (ex repetitions, prolongations, and blocks)
prolongations
they hold out or prolong a sound for an unusually long period of time
secondary stuttering behaviors
counterproductive adaptations that people who stutter make as they try to get through primary stuttering behaviors or trying to avoid them
prevalence
percentage of individuals who stutter at any given point in time
incidence
the percentage of people who report having stuttered at some point in their lives
neural plasticity
the idea that neurological structures and pathways reorganize themselves
chronic stuttering
stuttering that continues into adulthood
non-stuttering-like disfluencies
phrase repetitions, revisions, and interjections
stuttering-like disfluencies
single-syllable word, sound, and syllable repetitions; prolongations and blocks
consistency
percentage of stuttered words from the fist to the second repeated of the same passage
adaptation
percentage of decrease in stuttering when a passage is read multiple times in succession. the percentage of reduction is calculated for each repeated reading
stuttering modification
a therapy approach in which the clinician teaches the client to alter the way he or she stutters
fluency shaping
a therapy approach in which the clinician teaches the person who stutters a new way of taking that is designed to reduce the likelihood of stuttering
cancellation
speech modification technique in which individuals who stutter are taught to stop as soon as a stuttered word is completed, to pause, and to say the word again in an easy relaxed manner
pull-out
a therapy strategy for stuttering in which persons who stutter are taught to ease their way out of repetitions, prolongations, and blocks
prepatory set
technique in therapy for stuttering in which persons who stutter ease their way into words they thought they would stutter on
