Chapter 5 - Developmental Speech Disorders

Question 1

Articulation

Answer 1

The ability to produce sounds in sequence by moving the articulators.

Question 2

Articulation disorder

Answer 2

Difficulty producing speech sounds and speech sound sequences.

Question 3

phonological disorder

Answer 3

Difficulty understanding and implementing the language conventions for producing speech sounds and speech sound sequences.

Question 4

distinctive features

Answer 4

a system of the component features of sounds that is used for describing the differences between phonemes in a language.

Question 5

phonological processes

Answer 5

simplifications of adult like production of words. Some of the more common processes are weak syllable deletion, final consonant deletion, and velar fronting.

Question 6

speech delay

Answer 6

articulation errors or phonological processes that are often seen in younger, normally developing children.

Question 7

speech disorder

Answer 7

articulation errors or phonological processes that are rarely seen in normally developing children.

Question 8

intelligibility

Answer 8

understanding of spontaneous speech and is a crucial factor for determining the need for and the effectiveness of therapy.

Question 9

consonant clusters

Answer 9

two or more consonants spoken together without an intervening vowels. ex: spoon, tree, blue, string

Question 10

spontaneous speech and language sample

Answer 10

when the clinician gathers a sample of the individuals speech and language in a communication situation that is considered to be the normal way in which the individual communicates using voice, gesture, and nonvocal communication

Question 11

single-word articulation test

Answer 11

A test consists of pictures of words. the pictures words usually sample all of the consonants at the initial, medial, and final positions of words. Children are asked to say the name of the object when they see it.

Question 12

substitution

Answer 12

speech error in which the child substitutes one sound (usual a sound that is developmentally earlier than the target) for the target sound. common substitutes are /t/ for /s/ and /w/ for /r/

Question 13

omission

Answer 13

an articulation error in which a child leaves out a speech sound. for ex: tip produced as “TI”

Question 14

distortion

Answer 14

sound is termed “distorted” when the speaker does not achieve the intended articulators target and the resulting production is not a recognizable phoneme in the child’s native language

Question 15

oral-peripheral examination

Answer 15

evaluate the structure and function of peripheral articulators (tongue, lips, and palate)