Chapter 8: Extinction and Stimulus Control

Question 1

The non-reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior, eventually, the behavior would disappear

Answer 1

Extinction

Question 2

Extinction Side Effect:

Temporary increase in behavior

Ex. A dog begs more if you stop rewarding it food

Answer 2

Extinction Burst

Question 3

Extinction Side Effect:

Change in approach to behavior

Ex. The dog tries to beg for food in new ways

Answer 3

increase in Variability

Question 4

Extinction Side Effect:

Frustration or irritation when expected response doesn’t occur (internal display)

Answer 4

Emotional Behavior

Question 5

Extinction Side Effect:

Linked to increase in emotional behavior (external display)

Answer 5

Aggression

Question 6

Extinction Side Effect:

Reappearance of behaviors that used to be reinforced in the past, try to get reinforcement by going back to previous enviornment

Ex. You want affection from your wife, but she doesn’t give you it. So you decide to call your parents and go home

Answer 6

Resurgence

Question 7

Extinction Side Effect:

Low level of “activity”

Answer 7

Depression

Question 8

What is resistance? Low vs. High

Answer 8

Extend to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented

High resistance = behavior stay longer
Low resistance - behavior disappear more quickly

Question 9

Factors that Influences Resistance:

List 3 schedule of reinforcement

Answer 9

Variable Ratio - Most resistance
Intermittent - More resistance
Continuous - Less resistance

Question 10

Factors that Influences Resistance:

The more the behavior has been reinforced, the more the resistance

Answer 10

History of Reinforcement

Question 11

Factors that Influences Resistance:

The larger the magnitude of the reinforcement, the more the resistance

Answer 11

Magnitude of reinforcer

Question 12

Factors that Influences Resistance:

When there is deprivation, there is more resistance

When there is satiation, there is less resistance

Answer 12

Degree of Deprivation

Question 13

Factors that Influences Resistance:

The more prior experience you have, the less resistance you have

Ex. Break up isn’t that bad if you had like 5 break ups before

Answer 13

previous experience with extinction

Question 14

Factors that Influences Resistance:

Presence of a discriminative stimulus for extinction,result in less resistance

Ex. You’re a dog and you have two dog sitter. Jim gives you food and Jack lets you starve. If Jack show up, you wouldn’t expect him to give you food. Jack is the discriminative stimulus.

Answer 14

Distinctive Signal for Extinction

Question 15

Child bearing extinction:

Child is expecting reinforcement, parents only come in for 15 seconds for love and support

Answer 15

Extinction Condition

Question 16

Child bearing extinction:

Attend to the child and stay there until the child falls asleep in bed

Answer 16

Responsive Condition

Question 17

Best way to facilitate extinction

Answer 17

• Extinguishing target behavior

- Reinforcing replacement (appropriate) behavior

Question 18

Stimulus Control

Answer 18

The presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behavior

Doesn’t automatically elicit behavior (not a conditioned stimulus)

Signals the availability of reinforecment, thereby increasing the likelihood of a behavior

Question 19

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 19

The transfer of behavior (learned response) from one stimulus to another stimulus that is similar in nature

Ex. Little Albert was afraid of not only white, furry rats, but any white and furry object in general

Question 20

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 20

We learn to respond only to the original stimulus, and not to other similar stimuli

Question 21

Discrimination Training

Answer 21

Learning to respond to only one stimulus and to inhibit the response to all other stimulus

Ex. Little Albert was able to discern between a white rate and a white rabbit

Question 22

Peak Shift Effect

Answer 22

A displacement of the highest rate of responding in a stimulus generalization gradient away from the S+ in a direction opposite the S-