Chapter 6: Intro to Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Type of Conditioning…

• Voluntary, Goal Oriented, and Controlled Response
• Consequences affect future behaviors

Answer 1

Operant Conditioning

Question 2

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Answer 2

• The idea of behaviors are “stamped in/out”

- Behaviors will be strengthen if outcome is rewarding and weaken if aversive

Question 3

Skinner’s Selection by Consequences

Answer 3

A model in which living organism will perform actions based on its consequences.

Eg. Rats will press lever for food

Question 4

A phrase referring to a specific consequences that follow a behavior

Answer 4

Operant Consequences

Question 5

A consequence that will increase the likelihood of a behavior happening again

Eg. Lever push leads to food

Answer 5

Reinforcer

Question 6

A consequence that will decrease the likelihood of a behavior happening again

Answer 6

Punisher

Eg. You tell an inappropriate joke at a party where people will frown at you. The punisher is a frown, decreases your likelihood of that joke being told again.

Question 7

What is a reinforcement and punishment?

Answer 7

Process or procedure that alters probability of behavior based on the consequences of that behavior

Question 8

What are the Three Terms Contingency?

Answer 8

*Hint: ABC

• Antecedent
• Behavior
• Consequence

Question 9

In Operant Conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement.

Eg. Your dog notices you’re eating something yummy

Answer 9

Discriminative Stimulus

Antecedent

Question 10

Type of Discriminative Stimulus:

Free food sign at Costco

Answer 10

Discriminative Stimulus for Reinforcement

Question 11

Type of Discriminative Stimulus:

• A cop car with its light on
• A cat being sprayed wit water

Answer 11

Discriminative Stimulus for Punishment

Question 12

Type of Discriminative Stimulus:

If a buzzer is on and they press the lever, they won’t get food

Answer 12

Discriminative Stimulus for Extinction

Question 13

Consequence

Answer 13

Reinforcer/Punisher

Eg. You end up giving the dog food (reinforcer)
Eg. You deny the dog food (punisher)

Question 14

Term for presenting something

Answer 14

Positive

Question 15

Term for removing something

Answer 15

Negative

Question 16

To “present” something that will “increase” the chance of a behavior happening again

□ Ex. You compliment your girlfriend
® Consequence: She presents you a smiles and kiss you

□ Ex. You study really hard for your midterm
® Consequence: You have been presented with a good grade

Answer 16

Positive Reinforcement

Question 17

To “remove” something that will “increase” the chance of a behavior happening again

□ Ex. You take medicine because of your headache
® Consequence: You remove your headache as a result

Answer 17

Negative Reinforcement

Question 18

To “present” something negative to try to “decrease” the chance of such behavior happening again

□ Ex. You talk back to your parents
® Consequence: You get into huge trouble and your parents get mad at you (Presents anger)
® Consequence: Presents the kid with spanking

Answer 18

Positive Punishment

Question 19

To “remove” something to try to “decrease” the chance of such behavior happening again

□ Ex. You come home after curfew
® Consequence: Your parents remove/take away your car privileges

Answer 19

Negative Punishment

Question 20

Which is stronger?

Immediate vs Delayed Reinforcement

Answer 20

Immediate

Question 21

Type of Reinforcer:

Innate and unconditioned, born with it

Eg. The want for water, food, air, sexual contact

Answer 21

Primary Reinforcer

Question 22

Type of Reinforcer:

Conditioned and learned due to your environment, reinforced through experiences

Ex. The want for a good car, earning a lot of money, good grades

Answer 22

Secondary Reinforcer

Question 23

Type of Reinforcement:

Do from within (just for yourself)

Eg. You are motivated to study as hard as you can to learn

Answer 23

Intrinsic Reinforcement

Question 24

Type of Reinforcement:

Not from within, something else outside motivates you

Eg. You can care less if you learned something, all you care about is getting A’s

Answer 24

Extrinsic Reinforcement

Question 25

Type of Reinforcer:

Something expected that reinforces you

Eg. You get MVP for throwing most strike out

Answer 25

Natural Reinforcer

Question 26

Type of Reinforcer:

Something that is artificially created (isn’t expected) that reinforces you

Eg. You get a bonus for throwing the most strike out

Answer 26

Contrived Reinforcer

Question 27

Word for presenting a reward every time they are doing something good.

Eg. Food, clicker, affection

Answer 27

Shaping