Chapter 5: Applications of Classical Conditioning

Question 1

A model that assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the US and therefore comes to elicit a response that is related to that US.

Tone (NS) + Food (US) = Salivation (UR)

Tone == Food

Answer 1

S-S

Stimulus-Stimulus Model

Question 2

Tone (NS) + Food (US) = Salivation (UR)

Tone == Food

Answer 2

S-S

Stimulus-Stimulus

Question 3

Tone (NS) + Food (US) = Salivation (UR)

Tone == Salivation

Answer 3

S-R

Stimulus-Response

Question 4

Condition Stimulus substitutes for Unconditioned Stimulus

Backed up by S-S

Answer 4

Stimulus-Substitution Theory

Question 5

The purpose of the conditioned response is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

Preparatory-Response Theory

Question 6

A model that assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the UR and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the UR.

Tone (NS) + Food (US) = Salivation (UR)

Tone == Salivation

Answer 6

S-R

Stimulus-Response Model

Question 7

Condition Stimulus acts as a substitutes for Unconditioned Stimulus

Backed up by S-S

Answer 7

Stimulus-Substitution Theory

Question 8

The purpose of the conditioned response is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 8

Preparatory-Response Theory

Question 9

A model that proposes that the compensatory after-reactions to a US may come to be elicited by a CS.

• When CR ≠ UR and CR is compensatory
• Opponent process that counteracts the effect of US (drug)

Answer 9

Compensatory-Response Model

Question 10

A conditioned response performed by the body to compensate excess drug (counteract drug’s effect)

Answer 10

Tolerance

Question 11

An environment that acts as a condition stimulus which leads to conditioned response (tolerance)

Answer 11

Novel Environment

Question 12

Irrational fear of object or situation

Answer 12

Phobia

Question 13

Learning through watching others’ fear

Answer 13

Observational Learning

Question 14

Genetic disposition affects acquisition of fear

Answer 14

Temperament

Question 15

Species are more prepared to learn certain associations over others for our survival

Answer 15

Preparedness

Question 16

Sense of control lessens traumatic effects of scary stimuli

Answer 16

History of Control

Question 17

Fear responses strengthened by repeated, brief exposures to the aversive condition stimulus. Fear less likely to go away if you avoid your fear.

Answer 17

Incubation

Question 18

Fear responses strengthened by repeated, brief exposures to the aversive condition stimulus. Fear less likely to go away if you avoid your fear.

Answer 18

Incubation

Question 19

An increase in one’s reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event.

Answer 19

Selective Sensitization

Question 20

Reducing sensitization through a system.

Eg. Bringing snake closer, deep breath, bringing closer so they get comfortable with it

Answer 20

Systematic Desensitization

Question 21

Counteracting the conditioning by doing something to pair phobia with something positive

Eg. Eating candy while seeing a snake

Answer 21

Counterconditioning

Question 22

Prolong exposure to prevent incubation

Eg. Drop 500 green dolls onto you (panic attack)

Answer 22

Flooding

Question 23

Using a combination of all methods to treat phobias

Answer 23

Hybrid Approach

Question 24

A therapy to eliminate behavior problem. Reducing attractiveness of desired event/object by associating it with something aversive.

Eg. Like biting your nails? Paint them with something that taste nasty.

Answer 24

Aversion Therapy

Question 25

A type of aversion therapy that is less effective than vivo (real life). You pretend the whole scenario in your mind.

Answer 25

Covert Aversion Therapy

Question 26

If you constantly go to a hospital to get injected with a drug that affect your immune system, the hospital will now be a condition stimulus that triggers your immune system

Answer 26

Immune System Functioning

Question 27

A treatment where you take a fake drug and you think you’re improving. Repeated administration reduces effectiveness.

Answer 27

Placebo