Chapter 8 - Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Question 1

Erikson’s theory of “____” includes: new sense of purposefulness, eagerness to try new tasks and strides in conscience development

Answer 1

Initiative

Question 2

Erikson’s theory of “____” includes: overly strict superego causing too much guilt and effects from parental issues–threats, criticism and punishment

Answer 2

Guilt

Question 3

Self-awareness supports development of “____” -“____”

Answer 3

Self-concept

Question 4

Described to be a set of: attributes, abilities, attitudes; values that we believe define who we are

Answer 4

Self-concept

Question 5

Self-judgement and associated feelings influence: “____” “____” , “____” “____” and “____” -“____” “____” “____” .

Answer 5

Emotional experiences, future behavior and long-term psychological adjustment

Question 6

High self-esteem contributes to “____”

Answer 6

Initiative

Question 7

High self-esteem is damaged by “____” “____”

Answer 7

Over criticism

Question 8

High self-esteem is “____” in “____”

Answer 8

Aided in scaffolding

Question 9

By age 3-4 children are aware of strategies for adjusting “____” “____”

Answer 9

Emotional arousal

Question 10

Temperament, effortful control and warm parents who use verbal guidance affect “____” “____”

Answer 10

Emotional arousal

Question 11

Self-conscious emotions depend on “____” “____”

Answer 11

Adult feedback

Question 12

Feelings the same or similar emotions as another person

Answer 12

Empathy

Question 13

Feeling concern or sorrow for another’s plight

Answer 13

Sympathy

Question 14

Actions that benefit another person without expectation of reward

Answer 14

Prosocial behavior

Question 15

Unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play

Answer 15

Nonsocial activity

Question 16

Play near other children with similar materials while not trying to influence them

Answer 16

Parallel play

Question 17

Engages in separate activities and exchanges toys and comments

Answer 17

Associative play

Question 18

Orients with peers toward a common play goal

Answer 18

Cooperative play

Question 19

Acting out everyday and imaginative roles

Answer 19

Make-believe play (2-6 years)

Question 20

Creating or constructing something

Answer 20

Constructive play (3-6 years)

Question 21

Simple, repetitive motor movements, with or without objects

Answer 21

Functional play (0-2 years)

Question 22

Cultures vary in beliefs about the “____” of play

Answer 22

Importance

Question 23

Social support and favorable school adjustment are benefits of “____”

Answer 23

Friendships

Question 24

Arranging informal peer activities and guidance on how to act toward others are “____” parental influences on early peer relations

Answer 24

Direct

Question 25

Children who experience secure attachment and are emotionally expressive is a result of “____” parental influences

Answer 25

Indirect

Question 26

Children tend to argue over issues of “____”

Answer 26

Justice

Question 27

Moral development gradually moves from “____” controlled to an “____” controlled process

Answer 27

Externally controlled to an internally controlled process

Question 28

A perspective on moral development involving Freud’s: superego and guilt

Answer 28

Psychoanalytic

Question 29

A perspective on moral development involving modeling moral behavior and punishment

Answer 29

Social learning

Question 30

A perspective on moral development involving children as active thinkers about social rules

Answer 30

Cognitive-development

Question 31

Modelling of aggression, chronic sense of being threatened, child avoiding punishing adult are negative side effects of “____” “____” “____”

Answer 31

Frequent harsh punishment