Chapter 8 - Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood Flashcards
Erikson’s theory of “____” includes: new sense of purposefulness, eagerness to try new tasks and strides in conscience development
Initiative
Erikson’s theory of “____” includes: overly strict superego causing too much guilt and effects from parental issues–threats, criticism and punishment
Guilt
Self-awareness supports development of “____” -“____”
Self-concept
Described to be a set of: attributes, abilities, attitudes; values that we believe define who we are
Self-concept
Self-judgement and associated feelings influence: “____” “____” , “____” “____” and “____” -“____” “____” “____” .
Emotional experiences, future behavior and long-term psychological adjustment
High self-esteem contributes to “____”
Initiative
High self-esteem is damaged by “____” “____”
Over criticism
High self-esteem is “____” in “____”
Aided in scaffolding
By age 3-4 children are aware of strategies for adjusting “____” “____”
Emotional arousal
Temperament, effortful control and warm parents who use verbal guidance affect “____” “____”
Emotional arousal
Self-conscious emotions depend on “____” “____”
Adult feedback
Feelings the same or similar emotions as another person
Empathy
Feeling concern or sorrow for another’s plight
Sympathy
Actions that benefit another person without expectation of reward
Prosocial behavior
Unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play
Nonsocial activity
Play near other children with similar materials while not trying to influence them
Parallel play
Engages in separate activities and exchanges toys and comments
Associative play
Orients with peers toward a common play goal
Cooperative play
Acting out everyday and imaginative roles
Make-believe play (2-6 years)
Creating or constructing something
Constructive play (3-6 years)
Simple, repetitive motor movements, with or without objects
Functional play (0-2 years)
Cultures vary in beliefs about the “____” of play
Importance
Social support and favorable school adjustment are benefits of “____”
Friendships
Arranging informal peer activities and guidance on how to act toward others are “____” parental influences on early peer relations
Direct
Children who experience secure attachment and are emotionally expressive is a result of “____” parental influences
Indirect
Children tend to argue over issues of “____”
Justice
Moral development gradually moves from “____” controlled to an “____” controlled process
Externally controlled to an internally controlled process
A perspective on moral development involving Freud’s: superego and guilt
Psychoanalytic
A perspective on moral development involving modeling moral behavior and punishment
Social learning
A perspective on moral development involving children as active thinkers about social rules
Cognitive-development
Modelling of aggression, chronic sense of being threatened, child avoiding punishing adult are negative side effects of “____” “____” “____”
Frequent harsh punishment
