Chapter 7 - Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Question 1

Reflection of dominant cerebral hemisphere

Answer 1

Handedness. Right-handed = 90% left hemisphere. Left-handed = 10% both hemispheres

Question 2

Dexter

Answer 2

Right

Question 3

Sinister

Answer 3

Left

Question 4

Infectious disease, malnutrition and lack of immunizations are all

Answer 4

Challenges to normal development

Question 5

Gait smooth and rhythmic by age

Answer 5

2

Question 6

Upper and lower body skills combine into more refined actions by age

Answer 6

5

Question 7

What fine-motor skills are developed during early childhood?

Answer 7

Dressing, eating, drawing and printing

Question 8

Sex that excels in skills using force and power

Answer 8

Boys

Question 9

Sex that excels in skills using balance and agility

Answer 9

Girls

Question 10

In Piaget’s Preoperational stage, children have these limitations in thinking:

Answer 10

Egocentrism, lack of conservation and lack of hierarchical classification

Question 11

In Piaget’s Preoperational stage, children gain mental representation skills through

Answer 11

Make-believe play and symbol-real-world relations

Question 12

Because of this, children are able to detach from real-life conditions, become less self-centered and more complex

Answer 12

Make-believe play

Question 13

Because of this, children are able to increase their cognitive and social skills and strengthen their mental abilities

Answer 13

Make-believe play

Question 14

Failure to distinguish others’ viewpoints from one’s own

Answer 14

Egocentrism

Question 15

Understanding that physical characteristics remain the same when appearance chanes

Answer 15

Conservation

Question 16

Focus on one aspect to the neglect of others

Answer 16

Centration

Question 17

Inability to mentally reverse a series of steps

Answer 17

Irreversibility

Question 18

Today’s evaluation of Piaget’s theories states:

Answer 18

Development of logical operations is gradual rather than sudden. Disagreement over whether a Preoperational stage exists, some deny the stages and others point to a flexible stage notion

Question 19

According to Vygotsky, this is the foundation for all higher cognitive processes

Answer 19

Private speech

Question 20

This serves as a self-guiding function and increases during challenging tasks

Answer 20

Private speech

Question 21

Memory for familiar, everyday event

Answer 21

Episodic memory

Question 22

Memory for one-time events

Answer 22

Autobiographical memory

Question 23

As cognitive and conversational skills improve so does this type of memory

Answer 23

Autobiographical

Question 24

This style of influence from adults fosters organized and detailed personal stories

Answer 24

Elaborative

Question 25

This style of influence from adults are weak at promoting autobiographical recall

Answer 25

Repetitive

Question 26

The awareness that others have different feelings and thoughts from your own

Answer 26

Theory of mind

Question 27

Early awareness of mental life

Answer 27

Infancy through age 3

Question 28

Mastery of false belief tasks

Answer 28

Around age 4

Question 29

Language skills such as

Answer 29

Phonological awareness, vocab and grammar emerge in early childhood

Question 30

Informal literacy experiences involve:

Answer 30

Games, interactive reading and writing

Question 31

The order relationships between quantities

Answer 31

Ordinality

Question 32

Ordinality develops between

Answer 32

14-16 months

Question 33

When counting, the last number is the total

Answer 33

Cardinality

Question 34

Cardinality develops and lasts between

Answer 34

3 and a half to 4 years

Question 35

Engagement in effective conversation can begin as early as

Answer 35

2 years of age

Question 36

By this age, a child can adjust their speech to fit the listener’s age, sex and social status

Answer 36

4 years of age

Question 37

Stimulation, physical organization, emotional support, modeling and encouragement, variety in stimulation and no physical punishment are all features of a

Answer 37

High-quality home environment