Chapter 4 - Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Question 1

Height increases by 50% by age

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Height increases by 75% by age

Answer 2

2

Question 3

Lower part of the body grows later than the head

Answer 3

Cephalocaudal

Question 4

Extremities grow later than head, chest and trunk

Answer 4

Proximodistal

Question 5

Nerve cells that store and transmit information

Answer 5

Neurons

Question 6

Tiny gaps where fibers from different neurons come together but do not touch

Answer 6

Synapses

Question 7

Chemicals that are released by neurons and cross the synapse

Answer 7

Neurontransmitters

Question 8

Programmed cell death

Answer 8

Apoptosis

Question 9

Neurons that are not connected tend to die off

Answer 9

Synaptic pruning

Question 10

Responsible for: thought, consciousness, inhibition of impulses, use of memory, reasoning, planning and problem-solving strategies

Answer 10

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 11

These qualities: verbal abilities, positive emotion, sequential, analytical processing are associated with the

Answer 11

Left hemisphere

Question 12

These qualities: spatial abilities, negative emotion and holistic, integrative processing are associated with the

Answer 12

Right hemisphere

Question 13

A growth dependence on ordinary experiences

Answer 13

Experience-expectant growth

Question 14

Growth that sprouts from additional growth from specific learning experiences

Answer 14

Experience-dependent growth

Question 15

Correct balance of fat and protein, ensuring nutritional completeness, ensuring healthy physical growth and protection against disease are all benefits of

Answer 15

Breastfeeding

Question 16

Passive, associative learning

Answer 16

Classical

Question 17

Behaviors are rewarded or punished

Answer 17

Operant

Question 18

Increases probability that behavior will occur

Answer 18

Reinforcer

Question 19

Presenting a desirable stimulus

Answer 19

Positive reinforcer

Question 20

Removing an unpleasant stimulus

Answer 20

Negative reinforcer

Question 21

Reduces probability that a specific behavior will occur again

Answer 21

Punishment

Question 22

Presenting an unpleasant stimulus

Answer 22

Positive punishment

Question 23

Removing a desirable stimulus

Answer 23

Negative punishment

Question 24

The diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus

Answer 24

Habituation

Question 25

Is it true that babies look longer at novel stimuli and less long at stimuli they’ve become used to

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Most mammals are born with an ability to imitate observed behaviors and these type of neurons provide a biological explanation

Answer 26

Mirror neurons

Question 27

These: pre-reaching, ulnar grasp, transferring object from hand to hand and pincer grasp are all

Answer 27

Milestones of reaching and grasping

Question 28

Reveals link between crawling and depth perception

Answer 28

The visual cliff

Question 29

Combining different modes of perception and recognizing their association

Answer 29

Intermodal perception